MARYLAND. 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



5G1 



year, places her in the front rank of all the 

 States devoted to that cause. Together with 

 Kentucky, th'is State held the balance of power 

 between the two hostile sections when the war 

 commenced, and if they had failed in taking the 

 stand they did take against disunion, the capital 

 of the nation would inevitably have been lost, 

 and the Union cause compromised, perhaps 

 hopelessly, in the estimation of foreign nations. 

 The supremacy in the physical contest with 

 these two States firmly united with the South- 

 ern States, so far as to have secured a return 

 of the seceding States, would have been so 

 doubtful and demanded such years of contest 

 as to have discouraged the most sanguine. It 

 was the belief of the Government and people of 

 the Confederate States that Maryland would 

 unite with the Confederacy, if she was sup- 



Eorted to maintain the contest that would fol- 

 >w within her borders. As the divisions of 

 Gen. Lee's army crossed the Potomac, defi- 

 cient in supplies of every kind, they were ex- 

 pecting to be received into a land of plenty, and 

 to be joined by the brave soldiers of that State. 

 In less than fifteen days their weary feet re- 

 crossed the same river retreating from a victo- 

 rious foe. No great popular welcome had met 

 them ; their thinned ranks had not be"en filled 

 by new recruits, and no tokens of substantial 

 sympathy had been shown. At every step as 

 they advanced they found themselves in an 

 enemy's country. Yet the State of Maryland 

 could not approve of many of the great meas- 

 ures of the Government, which were destined to 

 destroy some of her most cherished institutions, 

 neither was the administration one with which 

 she had the smallest sympathy. Such were the 

 circumstances in which she was placed and 

 such the heroic patriotism she displayed amid 

 them. 



The details of the advance of the Confeder- 

 ate troops into Maryland will be found under 

 ARMY OPERATIONS, to which the reader is re- 

 ferred. 



Upon the call of President Lincoln for three 

 hundred thousand men, an enrolment of all the 

 citizens of the State subject to military duty 

 was made by the order of Governor Bradford. 

 Preparatory to this draft for soldiers, commit- 

 tees were appointed by the governor in every 

 county, nearly all of whom upon investigation 

 recommended such draft as both necessary and 

 proper to complete the quota of the State. The 

 draft was in due time carried into effect and 

 sustained by the people. The places of a large 

 number of those drafted were subsequently filled 

 by substitutes. In Baltimore, Harford, and 

 Prince George counties, and Baltimore city, the 

 complement was thus made up. The bounties 

 required to be paid were from $225 to $275, 

 and not higher than in any Northern State. In 

 Massachusetts the quota of the second call was 

 not even made up by a draft. The quota of 

 Maryland under the first call was eight thousand 

 five hundred and thirty-two, of whom about 

 one third were to come from the city of Balti- 

 VOL. II. 36 



more. At the time the number of men liable 

 to the service in the city was seventeen thou- 

 sand. The quota under both calls was about 

 sixteen thousand, and the proportion of Balti- 

 more about five thousand six hundred. 



The number of miles of railroad within the 

 State is 422, of which the cost of construction 

 has been $46,265,634. The canals of the State 

 are the Susquehanna and Fishwater, 45 miles ; 

 Chesapeake and Ohio, 184 miles ; Chesapeake 

 and Delaware, 12 miles. 



Maryland contains a number of excellent in- 

 stitutions for education. There are four in the 

 city and county of Baltimore. Others are at An- 

 napolis, Ellicott's Mills, Chestertown, and Fred- 

 erick. The State has a school fund amounting 

 to nearly $350,000, and the public expenditure 

 for schools exceeds half a million. The system 

 of public schools in operation in Baltimore is 

 hardly surpassed by those of any other North- 

 ern city. 



The arrest of citizens without legal process 

 continued to be carried on to a greater extent 

 in Maryland than any other State. The follow- 

 ing instance is an illustration. On the 28th of 

 July a large Union mass meeting was held in 

 Baltimore, at which a resolution was adopted 

 to appoint a committee to investigate certain 

 charges of disloyalty and official corruption. 

 On Oct. 28, a meeting of the vice presidents 

 of the original meeting was called to hear a re- 

 port of this committee. The committee report- 

 ed that they had summoned a large number of 

 persons to testify in regard to these matters, 

 and taken ninety-six affidavits of respectable 

 men proving an enormous amount of disloyalty 

 on the part of persons in position ; that they 

 had prepared a brief of the evidence, which, 

 with the affidavits, they had laid before the 

 president. That owing to preoccupation no 

 action had been taken on the papers, which 

 were afterward at their request returned. Be- 

 fore the report of the committee was concluded 

 the meeting was broken up by the sudden ap- 

 pearance of Major Jones and other officers of 

 Gen. "Wool's staff, and a company of soldiers, 

 who seized upon the documents exposing offi- 

 cial corruption and arrested the members of the 

 committee then present, viz. : Thomas H. Gard- 

 ner, clerk of the criminal court ; Col. Thomas 

 R. Rich, aid to the governor ; Alfred Evans : 

 and Thomas Sewell. The prisoners were sent 

 to Fort Delaware, but afterward uncondition- 

 ally released. 



MASSACHUSETTS, the 30th State in the 

 Union in area, ranks in population as the sev- 

 enth, the census returns of 1860 showing that 

 her total number of inhabitants was 1,231,066, 

 of whom 596,713 were males, and 634,353 fe- 

 males, and 9,602 colored. In density of popu- 

 lation and absolute increase of population per 

 square mile she ranks first, and in the amount of 

 her manufactures, third. The aggregate products 

 of the latter amounted to $266,000,000, of which 

 $55,675,684 were cotton and woollen goods, and 

 the products of her fisheries to $9,300,402. In 



