MICHIGAN. 



585 



MICHIGAN, one of the northwestern States, 

 bounded on the west in part by the lake of 

 the same name, increased in population during 

 the ten years preceding 1860, the number of 

 351,459. For the further details of the census 

 "of 1860, which were published in 1862, relative 

 to Michigan, see UNITED STATES. 



The Legislature of Michigan assembled on 

 the 1st Wednesday of January, 1862. It had 

 been elected on the 1st Tuesday of November 

 preceding. The members were divided as fol- 

 lows: 



Senate. House. Total. 



Republicans 13 63 81 



Democrats 14 37 51 



On the 18th of January, the following reso- 

 lutions were adopted, as expressing the prevail- 

 ing opinion of this body, and subsequently laid 

 before Congress : 



Whereas the Government of the United States is 

 engaged in putting down a causeless and wicked rebel- 

 lion against its authority and sovereignty, inaugurated 

 by ambitions men to obtain political power a Gov- 

 ernment, the safety and perpetuity of which must 

 ever rest upon the loyalty of its citizens, and in an ad- 

 herence to the Constitution ; and whereas the welfare 

 of mankind, the usefulness and power of the nation, 

 are involved in the events and issues of the present 

 conflict, therefore, 



JBi itretoleel, That Michigan, loyal to herself and to 

 the Federal Government, reaffirms her undying hos- 

 tility to traitors, her abiding love for freedom, and her 

 confidence in the wisdom and patriotism of the nation- 

 al Administration. 



JSesolced, That the people of Michigan deem it the 

 imperative duty of the Government to speedily put 

 down all insurrection against its authority and, sov- 

 ereignty, by the uss of every constitutional means, and 

 by the employment of every energy it possesses ; that 

 Michigan stands firm in her determination to sustain, 

 by men and treasure, the Constitution and the Union, 

 and claims that the burden of loyal men should be 

 lightened, as far as possible, by confiscating, to the 

 largest extent, the property of all insurrectionists; and 

 that as between the institution of slavery and the 

 maint3nance of the Federal Government, Michigan 

 does not hesitate to say that in such exigency slavery 

 should be swept from the land, and our country be 

 maintained. 



The citizens of the State were divided into 

 two parties the republicans and the demo- 

 crats ; the latter were designated by some as 

 " Unionists," meaning by that all who were in 

 favor of preserving the Union, but opposed to 

 the Administration. The democratic party held 

 a convention at Detroit, on the 5th of March, 

 and passed a series of resolutions, but post- 

 poned the nomination of any candidates for the 

 election in November : 



The resolutions were expressive of the position of 

 the democracy of Michigan, in the present crisis, 

 promising to support the Government in all constitu- 

 tional means to suppress the rebellion, and opposing 

 the termination of the war until all resistance to the 

 Government everywhere ceases. 



Abolitionism was strongly denounced as equally 

 guilty with Southern secessionism, and the speedy 

 extinguishment of both was hoped for. 



Also approving the modification of Gen. Fremont's 

 proclamation, and of Secretary Cameron's report, and 

 the appointment of the present Secretary of War, as 

 indications that the President would adhere to the Con- 

 stitution. 



Also denouncing corruption and extravagance, and 



demanding honesty and economy in the administra- 

 tion of Government. 



Subsequently the same party nominated for 



governor Stout, with candidates for 



State officers. The principles upon which the 

 election was based will be perceived by the 

 foregoing, and by reference to the resolu- 

 tions adopted by the democratic conventions 

 of Indiana and Iowa, 



The republican party nominated for reelec- 

 tion for governor Austin Blair, and candidates 

 for State officers. The general principles by 

 which they were influenced in voting can be 

 seen with sufficient clearness by reference to 

 the resolutions of the Illinois republican con- 

 vention, and by those above mentioned, subse- 

 quently adopted in the Legislature of Michigan. 



At the election on the second Tuesday in 

 November, the votes of the citizens for gover- 

 nor were cast as follows : 



15(52. I860. 



Republican 68,716 87,806 



Democratic 62,102 67,221 



Majority 6,614 20,585 



Six republican members of Congress were 

 chosen, for whom the vote was as follows : 



Eepublican. 

 1st District 13,400 



2d 



Sd 



4th 



5th 



6th 



14,147 

 12,317 

 10,013 

 10,432 



7,879 



Democratic. 



13,208 



11,335 



11,467 



7,308 



10,696 



7,340 



The number of troops which entered the 

 Federal army from the State is nearly 50,000 ; 

 of whom 24,097, embracing eighteen regiments 

 of infantry, one regiment and one company of 

 engineers, three regiments of cavalry, six com- 

 panies of sharpshooters, one company of light 

 and sis of heavy artillery, and thirteen com- 

 panies of infantry, and two squadrons of cavalry, 

 enlisted in other States, took the field in 1861. 



The length of railroads in the State exceeds 

 800 miles, at a cost of construction of over 

 $31,000,000. Three principal lines, connecting 

 the eastern portion of the country with the Up- 

 per Mississippi valley, cross the State. These 

 are called the Southern, Central, and Detroit 

 and Milwaukee. A fourth, intended to con- 

 nect by steam ferry with the Sheboygan and 

 Fond du Lac of northern "Wisconsin, has been 

 commenced. The State has one canal, which 

 extends around the falls of St. Mary, and con- 

 nects Lake Superior with the other lakes. (See 

 page 230.) 



No State has an institution so largely en- 

 dowed or with so complete an organization as 

 the University of Michigan. It has not only 

 the faculty usually found in colleges in this 

 country, but a corps of legal and medical pro- 

 fessors besides others of the higher sciences 

 and the fine arts. An entrance fee of $10 is the 

 only payment required of the student. There 

 are also the Kalamazoo College, under the di- 

 rection of the Baptist denomination ; Albion 

 College, under the Methodist denomination ; 



