NESSELRODE, KARL R. VON. 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



fought several engagements with Humphrey 

 Marshall, in some of which he was successful 

 In Sept. 1861 he was made brigadier-general, 

 and appointed to the command of the second 

 division of Gen. Buell's army. He won much 

 distinction at the battle of Shiloh, was wound- 

 ed at the battle of Richmond, Ky., and after- 

 ward assumed command of all the forces in 

 Louisville, having been made major-general of 

 volunteers, July 17, 1862. His overbearing 

 nature made him unpopular with his associ- 

 ates, and he was shot in his hotel by Brigadier- 

 General Jefferson C. Davis, in a moment of 

 resentment for his harsh and unjust treatment 

 of that officer. 



NESSELRODE, COUNT KABL ROBERT VON, 

 a Russian statesman, born on board of a Rus- 

 sian frigate in the harbor of Lisbon, Dec. 14, 

 1770, died at St. Petersburg, March 23, 1862. 

 His father was a Russian diplomatist though 

 originally of German family, and at the time of 

 his birth was ambassador to Portugal. Young 

 Nesselrode received an excellent education and 

 early entered the army as aide-de-camp to the 

 Emperor Paul, but was soon made an attache 

 to the various embassies of his father, and sub- 

 sequently served in the same capacity under 

 M. Markoff, Russian minister at Paris. On the 

 rupture between Russia and France, which 

 followed the execution of the Duke d'Enghien, 

 he was transferred to the legation at the 

 Hague under Prince Dolgorouski, and in 1805-6, 

 when the prince returned to Russia, remained 

 there as charge d'affaires, till the accession 

 of Louis Bonaparte made his withdrawal neces- 

 sary. In 1807, he was again sent to Paris as a 

 councillor of legation. His diplomatic papers 

 were very brilliant, and gained him the favor 

 of the Emperor Alexander I. He was secretly 

 in favor of Napoleon, though professing to be 

 attached to the cause of the Allies. In July, 

 1807, he accompanied his imperial master, 

 when he and Napoleon had their interview on 

 the raft at Tilsit, and assisted afterward at the 

 treaty made at that time. Soon after this 

 event, he returned to St. Petersburg, where he 

 married the daughter of M. (afterward Count) 

 Gurieff, then finance minister, and was himself 

 appointed to a subordinate position in the office 

 of foreign affairs. His wife had been maid of 

 honor to the empress dowager, and was sup- 

 posed to possess considerable financial ability, 

 which was exerted to increase her husband's 

 fortune. In 1812, after the rupture with 

 Napoleon, Yon Nesselrode was made Secretary 

 of State for Foreign Affairs, and intrusted with 

 powers in this important department second 

 only to the minister en chef, Count Razumoff- 

 ski. His views of policy differed materially 

 from those of his chief, and in 1813 a coalition 

 was formed by which he became supreme in 

 the direction of the foreign policy of the em- 

 pire. The treaties with England, Sweden, 

 Prussia, and Austria, which followed, were 

 dictated by him, and the downfall of Napoleon 

 was due in part at least to his influence. On 

 YOL. IL-41 



the 31st of March, 1814, he signed the capitu- 

 lation of Paris. At the Congress of Vienna, 

 Nesselrode, Metternich, and Talleyrand were 

 the leading spirits. Thoroughly absolutist in 

 his views and tendencies, he was yet so remark- 

 able for the apparent moderation and suavity 

 of his manners, and his diplomatic skill and 

 tact, that he maintained the superiority of Rus- 

 eia in the European councils for 42 years, and 

 yet during nearly 40 years of that tune, avoid- 

 ed involving his country in war with any of 

 the great powers. During the reign of Alex- 

 ander L, he was, with the exception of a short 

 period in which the Count Capo d'Istria had 

 succeeded in alienating the confidence of the 

 emperor, the supreme authority in regard to 

 the foreign policy of the Russian empire. On 

 the .accession of Nicholas I, in 1827, he still 

 retained his position, though, from the stronger 

 will and more positive character of that mon- 

 arch, he was under the necessity of acting more 

 cautiously and influencing the czar to suggest 

 views and measures, which he had previously 

 determined upon. He remained at the head 

 of the Government throughout the reign of 

 Nicholas, and in 1856, on the 30th of March, 

 just 42 years after he had in the same city 

 signed the capitulation of Paris, he signed on 

 behalf of Russia the treaty of Paris. He then 

 retired from active political life, in which he 

 had acted a conspicuous part for more than 50 

 years. His wealth was immense ; upward of 

 150,000 sheep grazed on his estates, and his 

 personal property was so great that he was 

 reckoned one of the wealthiest men in Europe. 

 He was passionately fond of cookery, and in- 

 vented many new and famous dishes, among 

 which his pudding a la Nesselrode has had the 

 greatest reputation. In his intercourse with 

 his subordinates Von Nesselrode was remark- 

 able for kindness and considerateness, and the 

 interest he took in their prosperitv. 



NEW HAMPSHIRE, one of the New Eng- 

 land States, during the ten years preceding 

 1860, increased in. population 8.097. The pop- 

 ulation of the State at the end of that period 

 was 326,073. For the further statistics of New 

 Hampshire furnished by the details of the last 

 census, so far as they are accessible, the reader 

 is referred to the article entitled UNITED STATES. 



The officers of the State are elected annually 

 at an election held on the second Tuesday in 

 March. At the election in 1862, the candidates 

 for governor were Nathaniel S. Berry, then 

 governor, George Stark, and Paul J. Wheeler. 

 The first was nominated by the republican 

 party, the second by the democratic party, and 

 the third by a convention representing citizens 

 who were opposed to continuing the party 

 lines by which the people had been divided. 

 The Republican Convention had assembled at 

 Concord on Jan. 1st, 1862, and made the above 

 mentioned nomination, and adopted a series of 

 resolutions ignoring past political topics, and 

 avowing the unreserved purpose of supporting 

 the Government, and urging the vigorous pros- 



