SOUTH CAROLINA. 



appointed assistant instructor in infantry tactics 

 at West Point ; in 1831 was promoted to the 

 adjutancy, and in 1832 was made a first lieu- 

 tenant. In 1838 he was appointed instructor 

 in infantry tactics and commandant of cadets, 

 and the same year was promoted to a captaincy. 

 He took an important part in most of the bat- 

 tles during the Mexican war ; in 1847 was bre- 

 vetted major for gallant conduct in the battles 

 of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, in Texas, 

 and at the battles of Monterey, Contreras, and 

 Churubusco, won the successive brevets of lieu- 

 tenant-colonel and colonel. In the same year 

 he was appointed acting inspector-general in 

 Mexico. On the 25th of November, 1854, he 

 was made major of the 1st artillery, and the 

 following year lieutenant-colonel of the 10th 

 infantry. In Sept. 1861, he was promoted to 

 the colonelcy of the 3d infantry, having the 

 previous month been appointed brigadier-gen- 

 eral of volunteers and taken charge of the troops 

 at Paducah, Ky. At the attack on Fort Donel- 

 son, the most brilliant charge was made by the 

 troops under his command and had much to do 

 with the surrender. For his gallantry on that 

 memorable occasion he was promoted to a 

 major-generalship, and ordered to take posses- 

 sion of Savannah, Terin., where he died of 

 chronic dysentery contracted during the Mexi- 

 can war, and fatally aggravated by his expos- 

 ures in the campaign of the West. 



SOUTH CAROLINA, the first of the South- 

 ern States to pass an ordinance of secession 

 from the Union, increased in population 35,201 

 in the ten years ending June, 1860, when her 

 entire population was 703,708. (See UNITED 

 STATES.) 



On the last week in December, 1861, the 

 State Convention assembled at Columbia. Its 

 term of existence would have expired some 

 time previous, but by its own act it extended 

 the term. This was done in consequence of 

 the invasion of the State at Port Royal, and 

 the exigencies which arose. Apprehensions 

 were entertained of the ability and competency 

 of the State Government to cope successfully 

 with the unusual affairs, and for this reason 

 the final adjournment was postponed. Its ses- 

 sions were conducted with closed doors, and 

 none of its acts were made public. An ad- 

 visory council was instituted, to whom, in 

 conjunction with the governor, extraordinary 

 powers were granted. 



The sessions of the Legislature are convened 

 on the second Monday in October. At the last 

 session in 1861 an act was passed authorizing 

 a draft to be made in the districts near the sea 

 coast to make up a strong military force for 

 twelve months to be engaged in the coast de- 

 fence. Two thirds of all the men capable of 

 bearing arms were to be placed in the field. 

 At the~be2inning of 1862 these forces were ob- 

 tained and brought into the field without a 

 draft. At the same time, all persons who had 

 removed their slaves from the seaboard to the 

 interior were required to place them under the 



control of white masters. The comman 

 the sea coast defences was vest 

 R. E. Lee, who was a- 



-:tls Kipley. I. 



pier of the Confederate army, Generals Capers, 

 Harrison, and Walker of Georgia, and Gorizales, 

 DeSaussure, andoth. 

 department embraced South C;r 

 and Eastern Florida. The for. 

 was regarded as sufficient to repel any invasion 

 of the Federal troops into the interior. The 

 citizens of Charleston had joined the an: 

 such an extent that business was near! 

 pended. Seven distinct regiments had at this 

 time taken the field from the city, b> 

 numerous companies and individual- 

 entered the army. The cotton on th> 

 was exposed to seizure by Federal troops was 

 either entirely removed or destroyed. 



In some instances the troops raised for the 

 defence of the State refused to go beyond her 

 borders. This was particularly the case with 

 the 18th regiment of volunteers, which being 

 ordered to the West, after reaching the ' 

 gia railroad, flatly refused to obey the orders of 

 their officers. They alleged that they were en- 

 listed to serve the State, and were willing to 

 fight in her defence, but that they would not 

 go out of the State. Some declared that they 

 would have gone if they had been consulted 

 before starting, but that their officers had not 

 notified them that they were to leave the 

 State ; others had furloughs, and desired to see 

 their families. The officers urged in vain the 

 stigma that would rest upon them for refusing 

 to go where their country most needed their 

 services, and the reproach they would bring 

 upon the State of South Carolina, which had 

 been foremost in the work of resistance. Their 

 appeals were unavailing, and the malcoi. 

 returned. On the first of May South Carolina 

 had in the field 39.274 men, "of whom i'- 

 were in the Confederate service. The o 

 above her quota was 4,064. The State quota 

 at this time was about one fourth of her 

 white male population. 



A very large amount of land in the State 

 was planted in corn, and it was supposed 

 that an enormous crop capable of. supply- 

 ing that species of food in superabundance 

 and at a low price would be the result. But 

 the season was marred by a drought, and 

 in many parts of the State the corn crop 

 was seriously injured, so that there was 

 scarcely more than was produced in the 

 previous year, when much less land was plant- 

 ed. The'production O f r j co ai^o was cur: 

 to a considerable extent by the removal : 

 planters from the tide water region. Still the 

 season for rice was good, and th Dint- 



ed generally made good crops. Apprehei;- 

 were entertained that sufficient efforts would 

 not be made to secure the < 



In October the Legislature convened in 

 Columbia, and the messai: 

 Pickeus was delivered. He urged the support 



