760 



STEVENS, ISAAC I. 



of the Confederate authorities in measures of 

 the common defence. He withheld all objec- 

 tions to the conscript law, though he regarded 

 all such acts as against the spirit of the Consti- 

 tution ; and recommended that a State guard 

 of citizens under eighteen and over forty-five 

 years of age be formed to counteract the ef- 

 fects of President Lincoln's emancipation proc- 

 lamation. The State had at that date fur- 

 nished forty-two thousand troops to the Con- 

 federate army, besides eight regiments for coast 

 defence. 



At this time General Beauregard was or- 

 dered to the command of the Confederate 

 forces at Charleston, and immense fortifications 

 were commenced for the defence of that city 

 against the anticipated attack of the Federal 

 forces. 



The attempt to blockade the harbor by the 

 sinking of hulks proved a failure. Numerous 

 passages in the water-front of six miles which 

 the harbor had were left unobstructed, and 

 more vessels ran the blockade and reached the 

 city than at any other Southern port. The 

 force of the west winds, the heave of the sea, 

 and the action of the quicksands soon began to 

 dissipate the obstructions. 



STEVENS, ISAAC INGALI.S, a major-general 

 of volunteers in the United States service, born 

 in Andover, Mass., in 1817, killed in the battle 

 near Chantilly, Fairfax co., Va.. Sept. 1, 1862. 

 He graduated at West Point in 1839, ranking 

 first in his class, and was commissioned second 

 lieutenant of engineers. In 1840 he became 

 first lieutenant, and was employed upon the 

 fortifications of the New England coast until 

 the Mexican war, at that time being adjutant 

 of engineers. He was attached to Gen. Scott's 

 staff, and for gallant and meritorious conduct 

 at the battles of Contreras and Churubusco was 

 brevetted captain, and major for his heroic con- 

 duct at the storming of Chapultepec, and the 

 city of Mexico, where he received a severe 

 wound from which he never fully recovered. 

 His profound knowledge of the principles of 

 war, attracted the attention of his general, who 

 spoke of him as "the most promising officer of 

 his age." Upon his return to the United States 

 he was selected by Prof. Bache to perform the 

 duties of chief of the Coast Survey at Washing- 

 ton. In 1853 he resigned his commission and 

 accepted the appointment of Governor of Wash- 

 ington Territory, where he became known as 

 an able executive officer, displaying the most 

 unremitting devotion to the interests of the 

 Territory. During the administration of Pres. 

 Buchanan, he represented Washington Territory 

 as delegate in Congress for two terms. He was 

 the chairman of the Breckinridge executive 

 committee in the presidential campaign of 1860 ; 

 but when the leaders of the party declared for 

 secession he openly denounced them and stood 

 by the Union, strongly urging President Bu- 

 chanan to remove Secretaries Floyd and 

 Thompson from the cabinet, and trust to the 



SUMNER, JOHN B. 



counsels of Gen. Scott. At the close of the 

 session of Congress Gov. Stevens proceeded to 

 Washington Territory, but upon hearing of the 

 attack on Fort Sumter, returned to Washington 

 and offered his services to the Government. He 

 was appointed colonel of the 79th New York 

 Highlanders. He was commissioned brigadier- 

 general of volunteers, Sept. 28, 1861, and ac- 

 companied Gen. Sherman to South Carolina, 

 where he bore a prominent part in all the bat- 

 tles near Port Royal. He was then transferred 

 to North Carolina, whence he came to Virginia 

 in the corps of Gen. Reno, and was promoted 

 to the rank of major-general, his commission 

 bearing date July 4, 1862. He was in all the 

 skirmishes along the Rappahannock under Gen. 

 Pope, and fought most gallantly in the battle 

 near Bull Run. As he was bearing aloft the 

 colors of one of his regiments, cheering on his 

 men, he fell fatally wounded by a Minie ball 

 passing through his head. In 1851 he publish- 

 ed a work entitled "Campaigns of the Rio 

 Grande and Mexico, with Remarks on the re- 

 cent Work of Major Ripley." 



SUMNER, JOHN BIRD, D. D., Archbishop of 

 Canterbury, Primate of all England and Metro- 

 politan, born in 1T80 at Kenilworth, Warwick- 

 shire, died at Lambeth palace Sept. 6, 1862. 

 He was the eldest son of Rev. Robert Sumner, 

 Vicar of Kenilworth, Stoneleigh, was educated 

 at Eton and at King's College, Cambridge, 

 where he graduated B. A. in 1803, obtaining 

 university honors as Browne's Medallist and 

 Ilulse's Prizeman. Having been successively 

 Assistant Master and Fellow of Eton College, 

 he became Rector of Mapledurham, Oxon, and 

 was appointed a Canon of Durham in 1820. 

 In 1828 he was consecrated Bishop of Chester, 

 and during the 20 years he held that see, he 

 gave a remarkable impulse to the building of 

 churches and the promotion of education, 

 especially primary education. In 1848 he was 

 translated to the archbishopric of Canterbury, 

 having an annual income of 15,000, and the 

 patronage of the archdeaconries of Canterbury 

 and Maidstone, of two canonries, six preacher- 

 ships in Canterbury Cathedral, and 168 bene- 

 fices. Dr. Sumner was a prolific theological 

 writer. His first work, " Apostolic Preaching," 

 was published in 1815, and was followed soon 

 after by the " Records of Creation," which ob- 

 tained the 2d Burnett prize of 400. He was 

 also the author of "Chester Charges," "Evi- 

 dences of Christianity," " Expository Lectures" 

 on the whole of the New Testament except the 

 Apocalypse, in nine separate volumes, and 

 several volumes of sermons. He belonged to 

 what is termed the Evangelical School in the 

 established Church, and his term of office will 

 be memorable in the Church history of Eng- 

 land by the revival of the synodical power of 

 the two Convocations of England, and the 

 violent controversy arising out of the pub- 

 lication of the work entitled "Essays and 

 Reviews." 



