TENNESSEE. 





them the labor of governing. Under the man- 

 agement of these councillors, the people were 

 outrageously plundered and robbed, and all 

 real knowledge of their condition was kept 

 from him. At his death, his son Tsai-Chun, 7 

 years old, was proclaimed emperor under the 

 regency of these same corrupt councillors and 

 the empress mother, and remained at Jehoh. 

 The prince Kung, who had shown himself a 

 man of more ability, integrity, and enlightened 

 views than any other of the imperial family, 

 and through whom the treaty with the allied 

 forces had been concluded and ratified, was 

 left out of the regency. As the nearest rela- 

 tive, except the empress, of the young emperor, 

 he was not disposed to submit to this exclusion. 

 He accordingly visited Jehoh, and in October 

 returned to Pekin with the young emperor and 

 his mother, proclaimed a joint regency of the 

 empress mother and himself, the late emperor 

 having, as he declared, made no appointment 

 of regents ; caused the late councillors to be 

 arrested, and summoned a high court of mem- 

 bers of the imperial family to try them. The 

 three who had usurped the regency were con- 

 demned to death, and the others were degraded 

 and exiled. The prince Kung has since turned 

 his attention to the reformation of the Chinese 

 Government, to a more vigorous and honest ad- 

 ministration of the laws, and the putting down 

 of the various rebellions in progress. He has 

 carefully and faithfully observed the treaties 

 made with the allies, and has requested them 

 to procure for him, at the expense of the Gov- 

 ernment, ships of war, artillery, and ammuni- 

 tion, to enable him to suppress the insurrec- 

 tions. He has opened a considerable number of 

 the interior ports to foreign trade, and seems 

 determined to encourage commercial and social 

 progress. Foreign missionaries are to be al- 

 lowed to instruct the people in Christianity 

 without hindrance. There is, however, much 

 to be done to make the Chinese a really civil- 

 ized nation. 



TEXXESSEE, the first Confederate State 

 occupied by the Federal armies, and one of the 

 most populous of the Southern States, increas- 

 ed in population 107,084 during the ten years 

 ending in June, 1860. The full details given 

 by the census returns thus far made up, rela- 

 tive to the State, will be found under UNITED 

 STATES, to which the reader is referred. 



Xothing of special importance occurred in 

 the State at the commencement of the year 

 1862. while under Confederate control, pre- 

 vious to the advance of the Federal army under 

 Gen. Grant for which see ARMY OPERATIONS, 

 and also XASIIVILLE. 



The great Federal victories at Forts Henry 

 and Donelson, and the consequent evacuation 

 of Bowling Green, rendered Xashville no lon- 

 ger tenable. 



The Legislature and executive officers of Ten- 

 nessee had made preparations for such a con- 

 tingency, and lost no time in removing to Mem- 

 phis, where, on the 20th of February, Gover- 



nor Harris addressed a message to the senate 

 and house of representatives, in which he said : 

 I deemed it my duty to remove the records of the 

 Government to and convene the Legislature at this cit v, 

 for the following reasons : The disaster to our arms at 

 Fishing Creek [Mill Spring or Webb's Crossroads] had 

 turned the right flank of our army, and left the coun- 

 try from Cumberland Gap to Nashville exposed to the 

 advance of the Union army. The fall of Fort Henry 

 had given the enemy the free navigation of the Ten- 

 nessee river, through which channel he had reached 

 the southern boundary of Tennessee, and the full of 

 Fort Donelson left the Cumberland river open to his 

 gunboats and transports, enabling him to penetrate 

 the heart of the State, and reach its capital at anytime 

 within a few hours, when he should see proper to 

 move upon it. 



The message, after enumerating the meas- 

 ures previously taken by the executive in sup- 

 port of the Confederate cause, and reminding 

 the Legislature that at the time of the capture 

 of Fort Donelson there was not a single organ- 

 ized and armed company in the State subject 

 to the governor's command, recommended the 

 amendment of the militia system, the organiza- 

 tion of a part of the militia as cavalry and ar- 

 tillery, and the passing of a bill to authorize 

 the raising, arming, and equipping of a pro- 

 visional army of volunteers, and to appropriate 

 ample means for this purpose. Governor Har- 

 ris immediately took the field in person, hav- 

 ing on the previous day issued a proclamation 

 calling upon the people to arm themselves, and 

 a general order to the militia, appointing 

 places of rendezvous, and designating their 

 commanders. On the 22d, Gen. U. S. Grant 

 issued the following order from Fort Donelson : 



Tennessee, by her rebellion, having ignored all laws 

 of the United States, no courts will be allowed to act 

 under State authority, but all cases coming within 

 the reach of the military arm, will be adjudicated 

 by the authorities the Government has established 

 within the State. 



Martial law is therefore declared to extend over 

 West Tennessee. Whenever a sufficient number of 

 citizens return to their allegiance to maintain law and 

 order over the territory, the military restriction here 

 indicated will be removed. 



On the next day (the 23d), the Confederate 

 troops evacuated Xashville ; and on the 25th 

 the city was occupied by the advance of the 

 Federal army under Gen. Nelson. A large 

 portion of the State having now been recon- 

 quered to the Union, President Lincoln nom- 

 inated Andrew Johnson Military Governor of 

 Tennessee, with the rank of brigadier-general 

 of volunteers, and the nomination was con- 

 firmed by the Senate on the 5th of March. 

 Governor Johnson, a native of Xorth Carolina, 

 had been 5 times a representative in Congress, 

 and twice Governor of Tennessee, and at the 

 time of his appointment was U. S. Senator 

 from that State. He reached Xashville March 

 12th, in company with Emerson Etheridge. Clerk 

 of the House of ^Representatives, and Horace 

 Maynard, Member of Congress from Tennes- 

 see, and the next evening, in response to a 

 serenade, he made an address, which he after- 

 ward published as an "Appeal to the People 

 of Tennessee." After briefly recounting the 



