776 



UHLAND, JOHANN L. 



UNITED STATES. 



Jackson, for removing the deposits, as an arbi- 

 trary and illegal act, though he regarded the 

 United States Bank as an unconstitutional insti- 

 tution. The Legislature of Virginia in 1836 

 instructed their Senators to vote for the ex- 

 punging this resolution, and Mr. Tyler in conse- 

 quence resigned his seat. In the Presidential 

 campaign of 1836, he was supported in Mary- 

 land by the Whigs, and in other States by the 

 friends of Judge White for the Vice Presi- 

 dency, and thenceforward became identified 

 with the Whig party, which in 1840 nomi- 

 nated him for the Vice Presidency on the 

 ticket with General Harrison. He was elected, 

 and in April, 1841, by the death of Gen. 

 Harrison became President. His vetoes of two 

 successive bank bills at the extra session of Con- 

 gress which followed, and his seeking the sup- 

 port and counsel of leading democrats, lost him 

 the confidence of the Whigs, and before the close 



of his administration he had become in a de- 

 gree identified with the democratic party, and 

 finally selected his cabinet (of which John C. 

 Calhoun was premier) wholly from that party. 

 The most important measures of his adminis- 

 tration were the general bankrupt act of 1841, 

 the protective tariff of 1842, and the annexation 

 of Texas, March 1, 1845. At the close of his 

 administration he retired to private life, and 

 held no public position again till February, 

 1861, when he was president of the Peace Con- 

 ference at Washington. The measures he ad- 

 vocated there failing of success, he soon avowed 

 himself a secessionist, and was elected a Sena- 

 tor from Virginia in the Confederate Congress 

 at Kichmond, which position he held at the 

 time of his death. For a more full account of 

 his political career and measures see NEW 

 AMERICAN CYCLOPAEDIA, Vol. xv, p. 683, Art. 

 TYLEE, Jonu. 



U. 



UHLAND, JOHAXN LrowiG, an eminent Ger- 

 man poet, born in Tubingen, April 26, 1787, 

 died in that city Nov. 13, 1862. He graduated 

 at the University in Tubingen, receiving the 

 degree of doctor of laws, and in 1810 visited 

 Paris, where he applied himself to the study of 

 the old French poets. He began the practice 

 of law in Stuttgart, in which city he also held 

 for some time a position in the office of the 

 minister of justice. He was one of the noblest 

 champions of the cause of liberty and demo- 

 cratic progress, and in 1814 published a volume 

 of poems, the national songs of which became 

 immensely popular during the great political 

 excitement which resulted in the overthrow of 

 the French rule in Germany. In 1819 and 1820 

 he was elected from Tubingen, and subsequent- 

 ly from Stuttgart, to the representative assem- 

 bly of Wurtemberg. In 1829, having given up 

 his legal practice, he became professor in the 

 university of his native city, but resigned his 

 post in consequence of not being able to attend 

 the sittings at the Chamber. In 1839 he 

 declined being a candidate for reelection and 

 retired for several years to private life. After 

 the crisis of 1848, the Wurtemberg ministry 

 having sent him as a delegate to Frankfort, he 

 took part in the reorganization of the Congress, 

 where he sat on the left side, assisted at all the 

 sessions, and migrated with the remainder of that 

 body to Stuttgart, where, shortly afterward, the 

 Wurtemberg Government dissolved the confer- 

 ence by force. From that period he withdrew 

 from public life, living among his numerous 

 friends, and giving himself up wholly to study. 

 As a lyric poet, Uhland is one of the greatest 

 Germany has ever produced, nor was his fame 

 confined to his own country ; he has been widely 

 known and admired in England and America. 



In 1815 he issued- the first collection of his 

 Gedichte. In 1836 appeared his work entitled 



Ueber den MytJius der nordiscTien Sagenlehre wn 

 Thor, which was followed in 1845 by a collec- 

 tion of popular songs entitled, Alter hochund 

 niederdentscher Volkslieder, each being the result 

 of profound researches into the history of the 

 middle ages. Among his finest ballads are 

 " Graf Eberhard der Greiner," and the legends 

 from Suabian history. 



UNITED STATES. The prosperity and 

 growth of the United States during the ten 

 years ending in June, 1860, exceeded in propor- 

 tion that of any previous period of ten years 

 since the organization of the Government. The 

 labors of compiling the census returns have be- 

 come so arduous that portions are published 

 from time to time as the work progresses. The 

 enumeration of the people and the collection 

 of the other statistics required the services of 

 sixty-four marshals, and 4,417 assistants. The 

 compensation paid to them was $1,045,206, 

 less $207,000 still due officers in the seceded 

 States. In the compilation of the returns there 

 are employed in the Census Bureau 168 clerks 

 and 16 messengers, laborers, and watchmen. 



Though the number of States has increased 

 during the ten years ending in 1860, from 

 thirty-one to thirty-four, and five new Terri- 

 tories were organized, the United States re- 

 ceived no accessions of territory within that 

 period except a narrow strip to the southward 

 of the Colorado river, along the Mexican line, 

 not yet inhabited. Good health generally pre- 

 vailed, peace reigned, and there was no apparent 

 interruption to the natural progress of the 

 population. The increase was greater by more 

 than one million of souls than the whole popu- 

 lation in 1810, and nearly as great as the en- 

 tire number of people in 1820. The gross re- 

 turns of the population are to be found in this 

 " Cyclopaedia " for 1861. The returns, by sexes, 

 and other details, are as follows : 



