WATER WORKS. 



805 



same manner as the steam piston rod. f is a 

 frame moving with the beam in guides, which, 

 in combination with the water cylinder, c, and 

 roll levers, h. works the steam and exhaust 

 valves, e is the lower rock shaft, which is 

 connected to the upper or main rock shaft 

 (hung in bearings between the side pipes) by 

 the arms, gg', and rod, t. The lower rock 

 shaft is operated from the lower ends of the 

 roll levers, h. The piston of the water cylin- 

 der, c, is connected to the roll lever near its 

 upper end. G is a segment, one part of the 

 face being formed on a longer radius than the 

 other (the difference being equal to the lift of 

 the steam valves), and fastened at the centre to 

 the rock shaft D. This segment is adjustable 

 by hand, and its office is ^to close the steam 

 valves, early or late in the stroke, as may be 

 required. The rock shaft D is connected, 

 through the arm A, by the rod B, to an arm 

 on the rock shaft E. This latter shaft is 

 operated from the frame, /, by the rod F, and 

 lever G. The valves of the water cylinder, c, 

 are operated from the rock shaft E, by the 

 cam arm S, and rods H and IT, and right 

 angled arm, /. The steam valves are operated 

 by the cataract, A", which consists of two small 

 open water cylinders' (one for each steam 

 valve), fitted with pistons and weighted with 

 the weights , w'. Each plunger rod is con- 

 nected to one end of a lever, J/, the other end, 

 2f, being the fulcrum : this lever is connected 

 to the steam valve stems by the rod (9, and 

 arm P. When the steam valve is closed, it is 

 kept so by a latch bolt. If, inserted into a 

 socket in its cataract plunger rod. the latch 

 being moved into gear by a spring on the back 

 of it, and withdrawn by an arm on the rock 

 shaft e. 



Assuming the piston in the steam cylinder to 

 be at half stroke, and the lower steam valve 

 being still open, the different parts of the gear- 

 ing described above, and depending on the 

 motion of the beam for theirs, will also be at 

 half movement, but the cataract plunger at- 

 tached to the lower steam valve will be at the 

 bottom of its cylinder, and the latch, P., with- 

 drawn. Now, when the piston has reached 

 that part of the stroke when the lower steam 

 valve ought to be close, and the remainder of 

 the stroke be performed by the expanding 

 steam, the closing face of the segment, C, 

 moves under the lever. J/. by the operation of 

 its connecting rod and arm as before describ- 

 ed closing the lower steam valve instantly 

 through the rods and P, at the same time 

 carrying its cataract plunger to the top of its 

 cylinder, being held there by the latch bolt. 

 The piston continues moving upward until it 

 has reached the point where the lower exhaust 

 and upper steam valves should open : the 

 former operation being performed by the in- 

 clined plane, x. on the inside of frame, f, com- 

 ing in contact with the roll on the upper end 

 of the lever A, moving it out of the perpen- 

 dicular, at the same time giving a like move- 



ment in an opposite direction to the lower end 

 of the lever, which opens through the rod q, 

 and the lower and upper rock shafts the 

 lower exhaust valve. 



The water cylinder, c, now comes into play, 

 finishing the operation by carrying the roll lever 

 to its extreme movement quickly, liberating by 

 its action through the rod g, and arm on rock 

 shaft e, the latch bolt of the upper steam valve 

 cataract plunger, permitting the latter to fall 

 open by the gravitation of its weighted plunger 

 rod, and admitting steam on the upper side of 

 the piston, checking it in its course, and form- 

 ing a cushion ; the valve still being open, the 

 movement of the piston is reversed, and the 

 downward stroke commenced. When the pis- 

 ton has reached the point of "cutting off," the 

 upper valve is instantly closed by the same op- 

 eration as that described above for the lower 

 steam valve. 



The lower pump, P, is placed in a well be- 

 low the engine room floor, and directly under 

 the steam cylinder; the upper pump, p', is al- 

 so beneath the floor, and connected directly to 

 the opposite end of beam. This pump has & 

 nozzle, n, to which the forcing main is joined. 

 Each pump is constructed of two barrels, I and 

 TO ; the inside one, ?, being the working barrel, 

 fitted with a bucket and double-beat valve, and 

 the annular space between them being connect- 

 ed to the suction by 8 double-beat valves. 



Their operation is as follows : 



The lower pump on its up stroke lifts the 

 water above its bucket through the connecting 

 pipe, d, and through the annular valves and 

 valve of descending bucket of upper pump, at 

 the same time charging itself below its bucket 

 by suction. On its down stroke, the upper 

 pump is lifting the charge above its bucket, 

 and filling the space below it by suction ; the 

 lower pump again ascends, performing the 

 above operation, each pump moving on its up 

 stroke a column of water about 36 inches in 

 diameter. 10 feet toward the reservoir. 



The total expense during the past year of 

 pumping at Ridgewood, including all labor, 

 fuel, repairs to engines and engine buildings, 

 has been $23,976 -L. The total number of 

 gallons pumped into the reservoir, has been 1,- 

 962,131,200. This shows the cost of pumping, 

 including all repairs to engines and engine 

 buildings, to have been $12 -^ per 1.000,000 

 gallons, or one cent and two mills per 1.000 

 gallons. This should be increased by the 

 amount due to interest on the cost of the en- 

 gines, engine house, pump well, coal sheds, 

 railroad track, and engineer's house, which was 

 about $300,000. 



Engine Xo. 1 has been in operation during 

 the year 2,137 hours, delivering 1,197,866,650 

 gallons. No. 2 has pumped 1,399 hours and 

 delivered 774.641.700 gallons. It will be seen 

 by this that the amount of water pumped the 

 past year exceeds that of 1861 by 23J per cent. 

 The amount of coal consumed when pumping, 

 has been for engine Xo. 1, 3,376,550 Ibs., and 



