WATER WORKS. 



811 



av., and 1 pipe, 3 ft. in diam. where it leaves 

 the reservoir (but connected with the four-feet 

 pipe immediately after), passing dowu the 4th 

 avenue. 



With these five pipes a corresponding num- 

 ber of the effluent or distributing pipes from 

 the south gate house of the new reservoir are 

 to be connected; so that, when this is done, 

 the whole water distribution of the city can 

 be supplied from both, or either of the reser- 

 voirs, at pleasure; and, so far as the new 

 reservoir is concerned, with either division of 

 it, as any emergency may require. 



INTEREST OX CROTON' DEBT. 



Payable from Sinking Fund. 



Amount in 1S59 $512,193 35 



" 1860. 447,901 39 



1861 476,404 29 



$1,436,502 03 

 CBOTOX WATEB RENT. 



Income from 1859. 1860. 1861. 



Water Registrar $759,250 65 $767.169 62 $765,954 35 



Present debt, December 31, 1861 $9,917,605 00 



This statement shows that in three years 

 the Croton revenue paid into the sinking fund 

 nearly two and a half millions of dollars, and 

 the sinking fund paid the interest on the then 

 existing Croton debt of nearly one and a half 

 millions of dollars, leaving $1,017,581.27 sur- 

 plus ; and that the present Croton debt is only 

 $9,917,605, notwithstanding the very large ag- 

 gregations of expenditures on improvements 

 and repairs of the works which make the 

 opinion credible, that the total amount of ex- 

 penditures on the works exceeds $24,000,000, 

 though the aqueduct and its dependencies cost 

 originally, according to engineer Jarvis' last 

 report, only $9,000,000. 



PHILADELPHIA. From early summer until 

 about the middle of November, there was 

 not sufficient water in the River Schuylkill, 

 except at limited intervals, to drive the 

 machinery at the old Fairmount Works. 

 During this period, it has been only with 

 the unremitting operation of the engines and 

 pumps at their fullest capacity that the 

 Kensington Spring Garden, and Twenty-fourth 

 Ward Works have been enabled to supply their 

 districts ; and even then not always success- 

 fully, nor adequate to the demands of the pop- 

 ulation. Generally, there is no difficulty in fur- 

 nishing a full supply to the entire city during 

 seven months of the year, with the works and 

 facilities at present in operation. But this is the 

 utmost extent of their entire reliability, and 

 during the warmer months, it is not without 

 difficulty that an adequate supply can be main- 

 tained in any year. 



The Fairmonnt TTorfo. The 8 old wood- 

 en wheels and their pumps v. :ially 

 designed and intended to raise the \vaU-r to an 

 elevation of about 96 feet, and such \v . 

 service performed by them satisfactorily for 

 some years after their completion ; but, since 

 the construction of the Corinthian Avenue 

 Reservoir, making an additional altitude 

 feet above that of the reservoi: 

 in the original plan of the works, these pumps 

 have frequently been much overworked. 



On the security of the dam at Fairrnount de- 

 pends the entire ability of the Fairmount, 

 Spring Garden, and Twenty-fourth Ward 

 Works to supply their respective districts. 



The new wheel house and machinery are 

 completed, and the new pumps have been in 

 operation at intervals since the month of June 

 last, and work satisfactorily, but they cannot 

 become fully available until the capacity of the 

 ascending main is increased to a degree better 

 corresponding to the area of the pumps. The 

 six new pumps are each of 18 inches diam- 

 eter, and the number of gallons pumped during 

 the year was 3,564,724,753 ; average number 

 of gallons raised per day was 9,766,369. 



The engines and pumps at the Spring Garden 

 Work*, with one exception, are much worn, and 

 their efficiency much impaired by constant and 

 frequently excessive service, almost without in- 

 terruption from the time of their construction. 

 In 1862, Nos. 1, 2, and 3 pumped 1,897,391,- 

 360 gallons, and the Cornish engine, No. 4, 

 pumped 1,141,136,060 gallons. In the per- 

 formance of this work, the former three en- 

 gines consumed 5.777,571 Ibs. of coal, and the 

 latter one engine consumed 2,547.161 Ibs., and 

 the number of gallons of water pumped during 

 the year was 3,038,527,420 ; average number 

 of gallons per day was 8,324,732. Average 

 duty for the year, 32.998.333 pounds raised one 

 foot high with 100 Ibs. coal. Total amount of 

 coal consumed by engines, 8.895,459 Ibs. 



The Kensington Works draw their supply 

 from the Delaware. Such is the demand upon 

 them that if it is decided that they shall be 

 continued, it will be soon necessary to have an 

 additional ascending main, of such capacity as 

 to anticipate, at least in some measure, the 

 greater demand that must arise. There are at 

 present at these works two engines, one of 

 which is a condensing engine, driving a pump 

 of 19 inches diameter ; the other is a non-con- 

 densing engine, driving a pump of 18 inches 

 diameter. The singje ascending main is 13,300 

 feet long, and 18 inches in diameter, being capa- 

 ble of carrying the water from one pump only. 

 During the warm season, more water is re- 

 quired in the district than this one main can 

 safely supply. The average maximum capacity 

 of the pumps is rated at 3.000.000 gallons each 

 per twenty-four hours. The daily demand has 

 reached as high as 3,780,290 gallon-, and the 

 least demand in any day of the past year was 

 2,954,770 gallons, and the number of gallons of 

 water pumped during the year was 909,126,- 



