ALLEN", PHILIP. 



AMERICA. 



21 



Bishop "Wilmer urged the following reason for 

 his recommendation to the clergy : 



Now the Church in this country has established a 

 form of prayer for the President and all in Civil Au- 

 thority, the language of that prayer was selected with 

 careful reference to the subject of the prayer all in 

 Civil Authority and she desires for that authority, 

 prosperity and long continuance. No one can rea- 

 sonably be expected to desire a long continuance of 

 military rule. Therefore the prayer is altogether in- 

 appropriate and inapplicable to the present condition 

 of things, when no civil authority exists in the exer- 

 cise of its functions. Hence, as I remarked in the 

 circular, we may yield a true allegiance to, and sin- 

 cerely pray for grace, wisdom, and understanding, in 

 behalf of a government founded on force, while at the 

 same time we could not, in good conscience, ask for 

 its continuance, prosperity, &c. 



In reply to this the order stated, that at the 

 time when the recommendation was issued, 

 there was a President of the United States, a 

 Cabinet, Judges of the Supreme Court, etc., and 

 that since then a civil government and other 

 civil officers for the State of Alabama had been 

 appointed, but the prayer had not been restored. 

 The prayer, it was further stated, was not a 

 prayer for the continuance of military rule, but 

 simply for the temporal and spiritual weal of the 

 persons in whose behalf it was offered. 



One of the closing paragraphs of the order 

 was the following : 



The advice of the bishop to omit this prayer, and 

 its omission by the clergy, is not only a violation of 

 the canons of the Church, but shows a factious and 

 disloyal spirit, and is a marked insult to every loyal 

 citizen within the department. Such men are unsafe 

 public teachers, and not to be trusted in places of 

 power and influence over public opinion. 



The order was subsequently set aside by 

 President Johnson. . 



Immediately upon the cessation of hostilities 

 the work of repairing the railroads was begun 

 with much energy. All public institutions pre- 

 pared to meet the changed order of affairs. 



ALLEN", Hon. PHILIP, formerly U. S. Senator 

 and Governor of Ehode Island, born in Prov- 

 idence, E. L, September 1st, 1785, died there 

 December 16, 1865. His rudimentary educa- 

 tion was completed in his native town, but he 

 subsequently studied at the Taunton Academy, 

 and was for three years a pupil in the celebrated 

 "school of Eobert Eogers, of Newport. He 

 graduated in 1803 at the Ehode Island College, 

 now Brown University, and having lost his 

 father in 1801, became actively engaged in the 

 mercantile business and foreign commerce, and 

 particularly in the West India trade, which his 

 father had carried on. As early as 1812, foreign 

 commerce being suspended by the war with 

 Great Britain, Mr. Allen was manufacturing 

 cotton in Smithfield, and soon became one of 

 the foremost manufacturers in the State. Gifted 

 by nature with unusual mechanical ingenuity, 

 he had by careful study acquainted himself with 

 the sciences which facilitated manufacturing 

 processes, and possessed remarkable skill in the 

 wisest applications of his scientific knowledge. 

 He was the first importer of the improved bob- 

 bin and fly frames, now in general use, and the 



lapping machines for cotton cards. Having 

 been successful in this early enterprise, he ex- 

 tended his business to printing the cotton goods 

 made by himself and other manufacturers. He 

 began printing calicos in 1831, at the large estab- 

 lishment, still known by his name, situated on 

 the river north of Providence. The perfection 

 of the styles of prints made at these works has 

 justly given them a celebrity all over the Con- 

 tinent. He was an ardent advocate of a pro- 

 tective tariff, and by his ultimate knowledge of 

 all the statistical and scientific facts bearing 

 upon the question, was most influential in pro- 

 curing the passage of laws which fostered home 

 manufacturing interests. In 1819 Mr. Allen 

 entered upon political life, serving that year 

 and the two succeeding years as representative 

 from Providence in the General Assembly, and 

 was also one of the Commissioners of the fund 

 appropriated for the settlement of the old State 

 debt. In 1851 he was elected, as the candidate 

 of the Democratic party, Governor of Ehode 

 Island, and was reflected in 1852 and 1853. At 

 the May session in 1853, he was elected United 

 States Senator for six years from the 4th of 

 March preceding, when he resigned the Guber- 

 natorial office to accept that of Senator. He 

 served his full term at Washington, and was a 

 member of the Committees on Commerce and 

 Naval Affairs. Since the close of his Senatorial 

 career Mr. Allen had retired from public life. 



AMEEICA. The civil war which had con- 

 vulsed the United States since 1861, drew rap- 

 idly to a close after the beginning of the year 

 1865. The armed resistance to the Federal 

 authority virtually ceased after the surrender 

 of General Lee (April 9), and the work of re- 

 construction began in all the seceded States, 

 not, however, through President Lincoln, who 

 was assassinated on April 14th, but through his 

 successor, Andrew Johnson. Provisional gov- 

 ernors were appointed in all the States that 

 had formed part of the Southern Confederacy. 

 The subsequent measures are stated elsewhere 

 in these pages, On January 31st, the House 

 of Eepresentatives at Washington, adopted, 

 by a two-thirds majority, the Constitutional 

 Amendment abolishing slavery throughout the 

 United States, which had been adopted by the 

 Senate, on April 8, 1864. The Amendment 

 was sent by the Secretary of State, in accord- 

 ance with the provision of the Constitution, to 

 the legislatures of the several States for ratifi- 

 cation. (See UNITED STATES.) 



The scheme of a British American Confed- 

 eration did not make, during the year 1865, 

 the progress which its friends expected. The 

 plan agreed upon by the conference of Quebec 

 was adopted by the Canadian Parliament, but 

 some of the Lower Provinces continued to oppose 

 it. The Home Government favored the adoption 

 of the scheme. (See BRITISH NORTH AMERICA..) 



The war of the Eepublicans of Mexico 

 against the establishment of the Empire con- 

 tinued throughout the year. The Mexicans 

 were too feeble to meet the combined forces of 



