122 



JBKEMEN. 



The empire has an area of about 3,004,460 

 square miles, and a population (in 1856) of 

 7,677,800 inhabitants. 



The budget for the year 1865-'66 estimates 

 the expenditures at 68,875,183 milreis, and the 

 receipts at 55,000,000 milreis; probable deficit, 

 8,875,183 milreis. 



The regular army, in 1865, consisted of 35,- 

 673 men. The fleet was composed of 52 armed 

 and 7' non-armed vessels. Two of the war- 

 vessels are iron-clads, and three other iron-clads 

 were in the course of construction. 



The exports of the year 1862 amounted to 

 122,479,999 milreis (to the United States 15,- 

 258,118); the imports of the same year to 99,- 

 072,713 (from the United States 6,044,134). 

 The movement of shipping of the year 1862-'63 

 was as follows : 



The beginning of the year 1865 found Brazil 

 involved in a war with the Governments of 

 Uruguay and Paraguay. The war with Uru- 

 guay soon ended (February, 1865) by the over- 

 throw of the Government and the elevation 

 of Gen. Flores, the chief of the revolutionist 

 party of Uruguay, and the ally of Brazil, to 

 the Presidency. {See URUGUAY.) That with 

 Paraguay continued to the end of the year. 

 (See PARAQUAT.) 



The German emigration to Brazil has of late 

 considerably decreased, but considerable atten- 

 tion was awakened, in 1865, by a scheme of 

 immigration from the southern portion of the 

 United States. The leaders of this movement 

 represented the preliminary negotiations as an 

 entire success, and the last advices from Brazil 

 state that "the American emigrants, chiefly 

 Southerners, represented by Col. "Wood, have 

 selected near Araraguara a site for a town, 

 which lies between two small rivers, and can 

 have railway connection with the capital." A 

 vast tract of 8,000,000 acres of unoccupied Gov- 

 ernment land has also been selected, and it was 

 the general expectation that soon a flow of emi- 

 gration from the States composing the late Con- 

 federacy would set in. 



BREMEN", a Free City in Germany. The 

 legislative power is vested in a Senate of thirty 

 members, and, the General Assembly of citi- 

 zens, called Burgercouvent. The Senate is pre- 

 sided over alternately by two Burgomasters, 

 the one elected for six years, and the other for 

 four years. The Burgomasters in 1865 were 

 0. F. G. Mohr (1863-1867), President of the 

 Senate for 1866, and J. D. Meier (1861-1865), 

 President of the Senate for 1865. The territory 

 of Bremen comprises an area of 112 square 



BREMEE, FREDERIKA. 



miles. The population, according to the census 

 of 1854, was 104,091. The public revenue for 

 the year 1864 amounted to 1,695,405 thalers, 

 and the expenditures to 1,750,739 thalers ; deficit 

 55,334. Bremen sustains a battalion of infan 

 try, numbering 760 men. The cavalry and ar 

 tulery are furnished by Oldenburg. The mer 

 chant navy at the close of 1864, consisted of 

 298 vessels, including ten screw steamers. Tbo 

 foreign shipping engaged in the direct and in- 

 direct trade at the port in 1864, was as fol- 

 lows: Entered, 2,604 vessels, of 274,707 lasts. 

 Cleared, 2,784 vessels, of 277,199 lasts. The 

 imports in 1864, amounted to 67,113,930 thalers; 

 the exports to 61,466,848 thalers. 



BREMER, FEEDEEIKA, a Swedish novelist and 

 author, well known and highly esteemed both in 

 England and America, born on the banks of the 

 Aura, near Abo, in Finland, in 1802, and died 

 Dec. 31, 1865, at Arsta, near Stockholm, Sweden, 

 of pneumonia. Her family, which was wealthy, 

 removed into Sweden when she was about three 

 years' old. She was carefully educated, receiv- 

 ing instruction from able teachers both in Swe- 

 den and Norway, and spending a year in Paris, 

 and on her return to Sweden became a teacher 

 in a female academy in Stockholm. It w,as 

 while thus engaged that she commenced her 

 literary career, though she had from childhood 

 been fond of writing, and at eight years of age 

 had already begun to write verses. " The 

 Neighbors," her first work, was published in 

 1824, and was, before long, translated into Ger- 

 man, French, Dutch, and Russian, and in 1842, 

 into English, by Mary Howitt, who also trans- 

 lated her subsequent works. Meantime Miss 

 Bremer had been rapidly publishing other 

 works, all of which had been received with 

 equal or greater favor with the first. Between 

 1824 and 1840 appeared, "The Home," "The 

 Diary," "The H. Family," "The President's 

 Daughter," "Nina," "Brothers and Sisters," 

 "Life in Dalecarlia," and " The Midnight Sun." 

 In 1835 her works appeared in Stockholm, in a 

 collected form, under the title of " Tekneingar 

 ur Hvardagslifvet," and these, with subsequent 

 volumes, were published in German, in Leipsic, 

 in twenty volumes 1841-'53. Late in 1849 

 she sailed for the United States, where she was 

 very cordially received, Miss Howitt's transla- 

 tions of her works having been largely circu- 

 lated, and having obtained great popularity. Sho 

 spent nearly two years in travelling through 

 the United States, and everywhere was wel- 

 come. The visit of Miss Bremer to America 

 was one of the grand events of her life, and 

 has been duly recorded in her pleasant book, 

 "Homes HTThe New World." No one who 

 has ever read it and but few Americans have 

 failed to do so can forget the genial good 

 nature, homely tenderness, and beautiful pathos 

 which pervade its pages, nor have failed to no- 

 tice the almost absolute absence of acrimony or 

 envy. The sunny nature of the little lady from 

 the frosty northern climate of Lapland stands 

 prominently forth in this volume ; and it is not 



