COLOMBIA. 



177 



1792, died at Woodstock, Yt, Nov. 9, 1865. 

 In childhood he removed to Burlington, and 

 was graduated at the University of Vermont 

 m 1810. He studied law at St. Albans, and 

 was admitted to practice at that place in 1812, 

 after which he made the frontier campaign as 

 a lieutenant of artillery in the detached militia 

 in the United States service. He accomplished 

 his course of preparatory collegiate and profes- 

 sional studies without any other pecuniary 

 means than such as his own industry supplied. 

 Until 1833 he practised law in Washington, 

 Orange, and Windsor Counties, commencing at 

 Barre. In 1821, 1822, 1827, 1828, he repre- 

 sented the town of Eoyalton in the General 

 Assembly. In 1833 he was elected an Asso- 

 ciate Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, 

 and was continued on the bench until 1842, 

 when he declined a reelection. In 1843 he was 

 chosen to represent the Second District in Con- 

 gress, was reflected in 1844 and 1846, but in 

 1848 declined to be again a candidate. In March, 

 1849, he was appointed Postmaster-General by 

 President Taylor, but on the death of the Pres- 

 ident, he, with the entire cabinet, resigned. He 

 was soon afterwards made Supreme Judge of his 

 own State, holding that office until 1854, when 

 he was chosen United States Senator, which 

 office he filled up to the time of his death. 



He served as Chairman of the Committee on 

 Post-offices and Post-roads, and also of that on 

 the Library, and as a member of other impor- 

 tant committees. Judge Collamer was a man of 

 clear and acute intellect, and of great integrity 

 of character. His principles of political action 

 were well defined, and were held with great 

 tenacity; they were the result of his own inde- 

 pendent reflection, rather than of party rela- 

 tions, and though not pressed with any thing 

 like undue obstinacy, were never yielded to 

 considerations of mere expediency. He was a 

 sturdy advocate of freedom and human rights, 

 and a devoted lover of the Federal Constitution. 

 He received the degree of LL.D. from the Uni- 

 versity of Vermont, and from Dartmouth Col- 

 lege, New Hampshire. 



COLOMBIA, UNITED STATES OF, a republic 

 in South America, President (April 1, 1864, to 

 _April 1, 1866). Dr. Manuel Murillo. Ministry : 

 Valenzuda (Interior) ; Cuenca (Finances) ; San- 

 tiago Perez (Exterior) ; War and Navy, Gen. Va- 

 lerio Barriga. The President is elected by an 

 absolute majority of the States ; a direct vote 

 of the people is given at the election. The Sen- 

 ate consists of 27 members, 3 for each of the 

 States. The number of the Chamber of Eep- 

 resentatives is at the rate of one representa- 

 tive for every 50,000 inhabitants, and every 

 fraction not less than 20,000. Minister of the 

 United States near the Government of Colombia, 

 Allan A. Burton (appointed May 21, 1861) ; Co- 

 lombian Minister at Washington, Gen. Eustagio 

 Salgar (reappointed in 1865). The area amounts 

 to 480,800 square miles. The population of 

 the nine States composing the republic is about 

 as, follows : 



VOL. v. 12 A 



Antioqnla ........... 827.822 | Magdalena. .......... 100,284 



Bolivar .............. 17,1,006 Panama .............. 173,729 



Boyaca ............... ."(J Santander 



490,000 



Cauca 487,102 Tolima., 250,938 



Cundinamarca 891,096 



Total 2,794,473 



The capital of the republic is Bogota, in tho 

 State of Cundinamarca. According to the 

 message presented by President Murillo to the 

 Federal Congress in February, 1865, the expen- 

 ditures were estimated in the budget of the 

 next financial year at 2,715,128 piastres; the 

 receipts at 2,020,000 piastres ; deficit at 695,128. 



The public debt amounted in 1861 to 44, 000,- 

 000 piastres, of which 34,690,000 Avere due 

 to Englishmen. The Federal army numbers 

 2,000 men on the peace footing. In time of 

 war, every State is required to furnish a con- 

 tingent of one per cent, of its population. The 

 imports of the year 1863 amount to 14,500,000 

 piastres, and the exports to 12,500,000 piastres. 

 The value of the merchandise over the Panama 

 Eailroad was valued, in 1863, at 82,500,000 pias- 

 tres, and, in 1864, to 100,000,000 piastres. The 

 number of passengers in 1864, was 41,135. 



Several of the States were, during the year 

 1865, agitated by internal troubles, but the Fed- 

 eral Government was not involved in them, and 

 at the close of the year universal quiet was 

 restored. 



At the election held for President, General 

 Tomas C. de Mosquera was chosen, receiving 

 the votes of seven States. In the State of Pan- 

 ama, nearly all the votes were cast for General 

 Jose H. Lopez, and the State of Antioquia voted 

 for Sen or Pedro Jose Berrio. 



Both the Government and the people of the 

 United States of Colombia continue to express 

 in the strongest terms their sympathy with the 

 republicans of Mexico and the governments of 

 Chili and Peru in their struggle against Euro- 

 pean aggression. The Legislature of the State 

 of Boyaca adopted the following resolution 

 unanimously : 



The Legislative Assembly of the Sovereign State 

 of Boyaca, has heard with grief and indignation the 

 news of more insidious and tyrannical measures on 

 the part of Spain, the old enemy of America, who ia 

 now threatening Chili; this Assembly pravs Provi- 

 dence so to guide the policy of the National Govern- 

 ment of Colombia, that in the event of another con- 

 flict impending over the Continent of Columbus, her 

 conduct may be essentially dignified, energetic, and 

 American. 



Similar resolutions passed the Legislatures of 

 other States. 



A law passed by the Colombian Congress on 

 April 19, 1865, concerning the civil rights of 

 foreign residents, called forth an immediate 

 protest from the English and French Ministers 

 as conflicting with the rights of foreigners re- 

 siding or passing through the country. The 

 Minister of the United States referred the mat- 

 ter to the Home Government^ which, in con- 

 sideration of the great American interests at 

 stake, and especially on the Isthmus, protested 

 also against the law, as shown by the following 



