GREAT BRITAIN. 



409 



management of the permanent debt, and 2,- 

 756,111 7s.=to about $13,750,000 more for 

 funded temporary loans, making the interest 

 and management of the national indebtedness 

 nearly $132,000,000. The maintenance of the 

 army cost 14,774,242 6s. Id., or about $73,- 

 870,000 ; and of the navy, 11,028,253 7s. 9<Z., 

 or about $55,100,000. For the year, ending 

 September 30, 1865 (which is not the fiscal 

 year), the revenue was 69,258,659, or about 

 $346,260,000. 



The income tax was, prior to 1865, 7 pence 

 per pound, with an allowance of 60=$300 on 

 incomes below 200=$1,000. In 1865 it was 

 reduced to 6 pence per pound, or 2 per cent. 

 In 1864, 308,416 persons paid an income tax, 

 and 91 persons paid tax on an income of 50,- 

 000=$250,000 and upwards. The amount of 

 the national debt on the 31st of March, 1865, 

 including the unfunded debt and terminable 

 annuities, was 808,289,398 =about $4, 041,446,- 

 000, a decrease of 4,940,736, or about $24,000,- 

 000, from the preceding year. 



2. The Bank Note Circulation of the United 

 Kingdom, including the notes of the Bank of 

 England, Private and Joint Stock Banks, and 

 the Banks of Scotland and Ireland, for the 

 month ending October 14, 1865, which was 

 about 1,500,000 more than that of preceding 

 months of the year, was 39,129,789, or about 

 $195,000,000. There were in 1864, in the United 

 Kingdom, besides the Bank of England with its 

 11 branches, 140 private banks of issue, with 208 

 branches, 80 joint stock banks of issue, with 

 1,226 branches, 142 private banks not of issue, 

 with 64 branches, and 62 joint stock banks not 

 of issue, with 309 branches. The amount of 

 coinage in the year 1864 was 10,088,859 18s. 

 lid., of which 9,535,597 was gold, 535,193 

 18s. 3d. silver, and 18,069 4s. 8d. bronze pen- 

 nies, etc. 



3. Imports and Exports. The total imports 

 of the United Kingdom for the year ending De- 

 cember 31, 1864, were 500,920,715, or about 

 $2,545,000,000 ; of this amount 274,863,024 

 was free of duty, and 226;057,691 subject to 

 duty. The total declared value of British and 

 Irish produce and manufactures, was 160,436,- 

 302, or about $802,000,000. The value of the 

 exports of foreign and colonial produce and raw 

 material is not given in the reports. 



4. Navigation. The number of arrivals of 

 British vessels in British ports during the year 

 ending December 31, 1864, was 31,233, with a 

 tonnage of 9,028,100 tons ; the arrivals of foreign 

 vessels during the same time were 23,490, with 

 a tonnage of 4,486,911, making a total of ar- 

 rivals of 54,723 vessels, and an aggregate ton- 

 nage of 13,513,011 tons. The clearances for 

 the same year were, of British vessels, 30,545, 

 with a tonnage of 9,173,575 tons ; and of foreign 

 vessels, 23,690, with a tonnage of 4,515,923, 

 making an aggregate of clearances of 54,235 sail- 



.ing vessels, and 13,689,498 tons. The number 

 of sailing vessels registered in the United King- 

 dom, in the year ending December 31, 1864, 



was 26,142, with a tonnage of 4,930,219 ; and of 

 steam vessels 2,490, with a tonnage of 697,281. 

 There were registered besides these in the Brit- 

 ish Colonies 12,157 sailing and steam vessels, 

 tonnage 1,455,477, making the total number of 

 British and colonial vessels, sailing and steam 

 registered, 40,791, with a total tonnage of 

 7,082,977. In addition to these there were 216 

 foreign-built vessels (mostly American), with a 

 tonnage of 128,761, registered at various ports 

 of the United Kingdom. 



5. Imports of Cotton. The total amount of 

 cotton imported in the year ending December 31, 

 1864, was 893,304,720 Ibs., against 660,583,784 

 Ibs. in 1863. Of this amount 214,703,304 Iba. 

 were exported. Of the whole quantity import- 

 ed, 14,148,064 Ibs. came from the United States, 

 more than double the amount received in 1863 ; 

 42,117,264 Ibs. came from the United States (run- 

 ning the blockade) by way of the Bahamas and 

 Bermudas; 25, 5 3 9, 024 Ibs. from Mexico (nearly 

 or quite all of it from the United States); 

 1,223,264 Ibs. from the British West Indies; 

 6,500,368 Ibs. from New Grenada and Vene- 

 zuela; 38,017,504 Ibs. from Brazil; 21,595,840 

 Ibs. from the Mediterranean; 125,493,648 Ibs. 

 from Egypt; 506,527,892 Ibs. from British pos- 

 sessions in the East Indies ; 86,157,008 Ibs. from 

 China; 9,404,304 Ibs. from Japan ; and 16,581,- 

 040 Ibs. from other countries. 



II. EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS. Aside from the 

 great English Universities, and the local colleges, 

 both of the Established Church and of Dissent- 

 ing bodies in England and Wales, the Scottish, 

 and some of the Irish Universities and the large- 

 ly endowed foundation schools, there are sev- 

 eral Universities and Colleges, and a system of 

 National Schools throughout the United King- 

 dom, supported by the Government either 

 wholly, or in part. The appropriations for edu- 

 cational purposes are not large, however, as 

 compared with those of the German States, or 

 with those of the United States. For the Na- 

 tional Schools of England, Wales, and Scotland 

 the appropriation for 1865-'66 was 693,078= 

 about $3,465,000; for public education in Ire- 

 land, 325,583 =about $1,627,500. For the Uni- 

 versities, Colleges, and Theological Seminaries 

 in Scotland and Ireland (including also an ap- 

 propriation to the University of London, of 

 8,773), 38,280, or about $191,000; the Brit- 

 ish Museum, 100,164, or about $500,800. The 

 sum of 161,841, or $805,000, was appropriated 

 to the Department of Science and Art ; 23,- 

 336=$116,500, to the National Gallery; and 

 small sums ranging from 7,000=$35,000 

 downwards, to scientific works and experi- 

 ments, the International Exhibition at Paris, 

 the Royal Geographical Society, the National 

 Gallery of Ireland, the Royal Society of Ireland, 

 etc. In Ireland the National Schools have 

 proved more efficient and are more largely at- 

 tended, proportionately, than in England. At 

 the end of 1864 there were 6,263 schools in 

 operation ; the whole number of scholars on the 

 rolls during the year was 870,401, the average 



