424 



HAYT1. 



sail for their field of labor. On arriving off the 

 coast of Zanzibar, they found the Portuguese 

 authorities unwilling to show them any favor, 

 and the native tribes so ferocious, that they 

 were compelled to seek elsewhere for a field of 

 labor. They finally landed on the southeast 

 coast of Africa, among the Caffres, near the 

 Zulu country. Here for a time they had a 

 severe struggle. The native language was dim- 

 cult to acquire, and the natives themselves 

 either hostile or insolent ; but in the end the 

 patience, perseverance, and piety of the simple- 

 hearted Hermann sburgers won the day. They 

 have now besides their principal station, which 

 they have named New Hermannsburg, fifteen or 

 more out-stations, and about two hundred in all 

 of the parishioners of Pastor Harms have mi- 

 grated thither. Large numbers of the natives 

 have gathered into villages and come under the 

 influences of civilization, and many of them 

 have become Christians. This mission, though 

 on many accounts an expensive one, requiring 

 from $30,000 to $50,000 a year for its support, 

 was wholly sustained through the efforts of 

 Pastor Harms. All his people were accustomed 

 to contribute toward it according to their 

 means, and a small amount was received from 

 voluntary donations from abroad. To diffuse 

 information on missionary subjects among his 

 people and afford a ready channel of communi- 

 cation between them and their foreign mis- 

 sionaries, Pastor Harms established a monthly 

 missionary periodical called Missionsfilatt, 

 which he edited, and which attained a circula- 

 tion of 14,000 copies per annum. But his ex- 

 cessive labors proved too severe for his enfee- 

 bled frame, and for the last three years he had 

 been affected by frequent illnesses, which event- 

 ually proved fatal. 



HAYTI, a negro republic in the "West Indies, 

 occupying the west portion of the island of San 

 Domingo, and divided from the Dominican re- 

 public on the east by an irregular line drawn from 

 the mouth of the river Anses-a-Pitre or Peder- 

 nales, on the south coast to that of the river 

 Massacre, which flows into the bay of Manza- 

 nilla, on the north coast. Its territory, cor- 

 responding to that of the ancient French colony, 

 extends between latitude 17 55' and 19 55' 

 north, and longitude 71 52' and 74 38' west, 

 and, including the islands of Tortnga, Gonaive, 

 etc., contains 10,091 square miles, divided into 

 six departments, subdivided into arrondisse- 

 ments and communes. The population is es- 

 timated at about 700,000. The chief towns are 

 Port au Prince, Cape Haytien, Gonaives, Cayes, 

 Jacmel, and Jeremie. Port au Prince, or Port 

 Republicain, is the capital and principal seaport. 

 It is situated at the head of the bay of Gonaive, 

 and has about 25,000 inhabitants. Gonaives, 

 sixty-five miles northwest, is situated at the 

 northeast extremity of the same bay. Cape 

 Haytien, or Cape Francais, is the principal port 

 on the north coast. Jacmel and Cayes are the 

 chief ports on the south and Jeremie on the 

 north shore of the southwest peninsula ; and on 



the same peninsula are found Bainet, St. Louia, 

 and Tiburon, the last at the extreme southwest 

 of the island, and facing on the bay of Gonaive, 

 the ports of Goave and Bon. St. Nicholas is 

 situated at the extremity of a deep bay formed 

 by the cape of the same name and the main- 

 land of the northwest peninsula. 



The government of the republic is based on 

 the constitution of 1843 ; the sovereign power 

 is recognized to be in the people, and is ex- 

 ercised through an elected President. The 

 Legislature or National Assembly consists of a 

 Chamber of Commons and a Senate, the former 

 composed of one or more representatives from 

 each commune, elected for five years, and the 

 latter of six members from each department, 

 elected for nine years. At present the number of 

 Senators is thirty-six, and that of Eepresenta- 

 tives fifty. The judicial power is vested in a high 

 court of cassation, being the highest tribunal of 

 appeals, with superior courts in the capitals 

 of departments, and subsidiary and primary 

 courts in the arrondissements and communes. 



President of the Eepublic : Gen. N. F. Gef- 

 frard, elected 1858. 



In the budget for 1864 the receipts were es- 

 timated at 38,710,800 (Haytien) dollars,* and 

 the expenditures at 37,331,811 ; surplus, 1,378-, 

 989. 



The commerce of the island during the years 

 from 1860 to 1863 was as follows (value in pi- 

 astres fortes) : 



i 



The imports from the United States were, in 

 1863, 46 per cent, and those from Great Brit- 

 ain 30 per cent, of the whole amount. 



The movement of shipping was, in the years 

 from 1861 to 1863, as follows: 



1S6L 



1862. 



1S63. 



In the beginning of May, 1865, an insurrec- 

 tion broke out in the northern part of the re- 

 public, at the head of which was Gen. Turin 

 Salnavef. On May 9th a provisional govern- 

 ment was organized, and on May 10th the rebels 

 took possession of Cape Haytien without op- 

 position from the government troops, not 

 gun being fired by either party. The town 

 of Gonaives and St. Mary were also taken by 



* Ilaytien dollars (gourde*) are paper money of changing 

 value. In 1863, 12.25 Haytien dollars were equal to one 

 piastre forte one Prussian thaler, or sixty-nine cents in 

 American money. 



* Turin Salnave, In July, 1864, had attempted to nwassi- 

 nate one of President Geffrard's ministers. He was con- 

 demned to death by a court-martial, but escaped to ban 

 Domingo. 



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