442 



IOWA. 



ITALY. 



The number of acres of land enclosed is 5,327,- 

 053. Number of miles of railroads finished, 

 793. Value of agricultural implements and 

 machinery, $7,707,027; value of manufactures, 

 $7,100,405. The principal agricultural products 

 are: of spring wheat, 7,175, 784 bushels; winter 

 wheat, 116,965; oats, 15,928,777; corn, 48,- 

 471,133 ; potatoes, 2,730,811 ; rye, 662,388 ; 

 and barley, 950,696 bushels. The number of 

 tons of hay from tame grasses is 225,349 tons; 

 from wild grasses 713,119 tons. The tobacco 

 crop yielded 753,626 pounds. The women of 

 Iowa in the year 1865 made 14,538,216 pounds 

 of butter, and 1,000,738 pounds of cheese, the 

 yield of 310,137 milch cows. 



The schools of the State are in a flourishing 

 condition, and out of 324,338 enumerated school 

 children in 1865, there was an average attend- 

 ance of 119,593 against 117,378 in the previous 

 year. The University of Iowa, established at 

 Iowa City, opened in 1866, with a largely in- 

 creased attendance in its several departments. 

 Connected with it is a medical school at Keokuk, 

 and it is proposed by the Governor to add to it 

 a law school, to be located in Des Moines, the 

 capital of the State. During 1865 a Normal 

 department, for the education of teachers, was 

 added to the University. The permanent 

 school fund, of which the Constitution of Iowa 

 makes the State the perpetual and responsible 

 guardian, was originally distributed among the 

 counties and loaned to individuals. The evils 

 of this practice were soon apparent, in a material 

 diminution of the fund. Through the incom- 

 petency and mismanagement of county officers 

 a large amount remains unaccounted for, not- 

 withstanding strenuous efforts on the part of 

 the State Auditor to adjust the differences be- 

 tween the sums charged to counties, and the 

 amounts accounted for in their returns. The 

 Legislature of 1864 endeavored to provide for 

 the gradual return of the school money to the 

 State treasury ; but by leaving it discretionary 

 with the County Supervisors to return or reloan 

 their part of the fund, failed of accomplishing 

 its object. It is now recommended by the 

 Governor to provide that the county treasurers 

 shall pay over this fund to the State treasurer 

 for safe investment in United States securities ; 

 and he further suggests that the outstanding 

 State bonds shall be redeemed with this fund, 

 and that in lieu thereof bonds bearing the same 

 rate of interest and payable tothe school fund 

 shall be executed, the principal to be redeem- 

 able at the pleasure of the Legislature. " By 

 adopting the plan here suggested," he says, 

 " we could, within reasonable time, liquidate 

 our entire indebtedness by transferring it to 

 ourselves, paying the schools of the State, in- 

 stead of strangers, the interest accruing there- 

 on, and at the same time make a safe and per- 

 manent investment of this sacred fund." 



The crops of Iowa in 1865 were generally 

 abundant, aud that of corn was so much be- 

 yond the demand for home consumption, that 

 in those parts of the Stato where timber is 



scarce, and the facilities for conveying crops 

 to market unfrequent, it was employed as fuel. 

 Seventy bushels of corn in the ear, which are 

 the equivalent of a cord of wood, cost but $7, 

 while wood, cut and sawed, is worth $9.50 a 

 cord. Not only is the corn, therefore, cheaper, 

 but it gives, it is said, considerably more heat 

 than the same bulk of wood, or even of coal. 

 This, however, can only be considered an anom- 

 alous and temporary employment of this great 

 staple of food, which will cease whenever the 

 country is opened to commerce. 



In the latter part of the year the members 

 of the bar of Lee County, Iowa, sent to Presi- 

 dent Johnson a series of resolutions adopted 

 by them, endorsing his position on the recon- 

 struction question, to which the following 

 answer was returned : 



EXECUTIVE MANSION, > 

 WASHINGTON, D. C., Dec. 26, 1865. ) 



GENTLEMEN : The resolutions unanimously adopted 

 at a meeting of the members of the Bar of the Dis- 

 trict Court of Lee County, Iowa, held at the De- 

 cember term, have been received by the hands of 

 the Honorable Secretary of the Interior, and havo 

 afforded me much gratification. Carefully framed, 

 and the formal expression of men whose profession 

 has made them familiar with the laws and political 

 institutions of the. land, the resolutions cannot fail to 

 have a salutary influence in upholding the great 

 principles of ouf Government, so essential to our 

 success as a nation. 



Encouragement and approbation from such & 

 source, at this peculiar time, inspire me with confi- 

 dence and a determination to pursue the policy indi- 

 cated in my annual message to the Thirty-ninth Con- 

 gress. 



Deeply sensible of the kind wishes of the legal 

 profession of Lee County, Iowa, 



I am, gentlemen, very respectfully vours, 



ANDREW JOHNSON. 



To PHILIP VIELE, Chairman, and J. H. CKAIG, Secre- 

 tary, etc., Fort Madison, Iowa. 



ITALY, a kingdom in Southern Italy ; present 

 king, Victor Emmanuel, March 14, 1820 ; suc- 

 ceeded to the throne of the kingdom of Sar- 

 dinia in virtue of the abdication of his father on 

 March 23, 1849 ; assumed the title of King of 

 Italy on March 17, 1861. Heir apparent to the 

 throne, Prince Humbert, born March 14, 1844. 

 The new ministry appointed on December 31, 

 1865, was composed as follows: General Delia 

 Marmora, President and Minister for Foreign 

 Affairs ; Signer Chiaves, Minister of the Inte- 

 rior ; Signor Scialoja, Minister of Finance ; 

 Signer Defalco, Minister of Public Worship and 

 Justice ; Signor Jacini, Minister of Public 

 Works. The Legislature consists of two Cham- 

 bers, a Senate and a Chamber of Deputies. The 

 Senate consists of the princes of the royal 

 house, and an indefinite number of members 

 above 40 years old, who are nominated by the 

 king for life. The Chamber of Deputies con- 

 sisted, in 1865, of 443 members.* 



Italy has an area of >98,075 English square 

 miles, and, according to the census of January 

 1 , 1862, a population of 21,776,953. The largest ' 

 cities of the kingdom are Naples, 447,065 in- 



* See some further details on the election of tho Chamb 

 of Deputies in ANNUAL CVCLOP.EDIA for 1S64. 



