KANSAS, 



457 



1860, showing a gain of 35,058 in five years. 

 In four counties there was a slight decrease of 

 population ; all the others showed an increase, 

 varying from nearly a hundred per cent, in 

 Leavenworth and Douglas Counties to two or 

 three per cent, in Davis and Marshall. The 

 above figures, however, do not adequately rep- 

 resent the population of Kansas at the present 

 time. Since the census was taken the greater 

 part of the volunteer soldiers from the State 

 have returned to their homes, and the annual 

 immigration, larger than for several years, is 

 also to be taken into account. From these 

 sources and from the natural increase, it is fair 

 to suppose that the population has received 

 sufficient accessions to bring it up to 150,000, a 

 gain of fifty per cent, over the census of 1860. 



Kansas furnished to the war seven regiments 

 of infantry and nine of cavalry, and three bat- 

 teries, all composed of white troops ; also two 

 colored regiments of infantry and one colored 

 battery, making an aggregate of 19,584 men, 

 classified as follows : 



Original enlistments 13,881 



Recruits 4,854 



Veterans 777 



Veteran recruits v .. 40 



Recruits in veteran organizations 172 



Drafted men 102 



Substitutes 258 



Total 19,584 



In addition to these, 228 men were enlisted 

 in organizations not belonging to the State in. 

 1865, bringing the aggregate of enlistments up 

 to 19,812 ; and there were 3,190 men belonging 

 to other States enlisted in Kansas organizations, 

 which makes the grand total 23,002 men, equiv- 

 alent to nearly a fourth part of the entire popu- 

 lation at the commencement of the war. The 

 entire vote of Kansas in 1861, as shown by the 

 returns, was 11,971, and the entire vote by the 

 returns of 1864 was 20,835, whence it appears 

 that the State furnished nearly double as many 

 soldiers for the war as the entire voting popu- 

 lation in 1861, and almost as many as shown by 

 the returns of 1864. On this subject Gov. 

 Crawford remarks : " The State has furnished 

 the Federal army more troops in proportion to 

 her population than any. other State in the 

 Union ; and the entire militia was always in 

 readiness for immediate action in the field, and 

 was all engaged in rendering efficient service 

 in repelling the rebel army under Price from 

 our border ; and upon several occasions regi- 

 ments and independent companies were hi act- 

 ual service, defending the border and frontier." 

 A partial report of a Board of Commissioners 

 appointed " to audit claims arising out of the 

 Price raid in 1864," gives the following 

 amounts : 



Services rendered by regular and irregular 



militia $177,817 04 



Materiel furnished 80,818 94 



Transportation 14,846 46 



Damage sustained 91,770 83 



Miscellaneous 82,687 77 



Total $396,941 04 



The geological survey of Kansas by Professor 



Swallow had not at the close of 1865 extended 

 far beyond the southern and eastern portions 

 of the State, but the results of his partial exam- 

 inations indicate resources which can scarcely 

 fail within a few years to build up a pros- 

 perous commonwealth. The soil is of a rich- 

 ness unsurpassed in any part of the territory 

 of the United States, and capable of many 

 years' culture before being exhausted ; and the 

 climate is healthy, and well calculated to cure 

 many of the diseases prevalent in the Eastern 

 States. The popular wmpression that a suf- 

 ficient quantity of rain for agricultural pur- 

 poses does not fall in Kansas is asserted to be 

 entirely erroneous. From records kept at the 

 military posts it appears that during the last 

 forty years there has been a sufficiency of rain 

 except in 1860 ; and the drought of that season 

 would have been less severely felt had Kansas 

 been provided, like the older States, with a 

 surplus of food from former years. The coal 

 formation of the State is of great extent and 

 richness. One vein alone, having an average 

 thickness of six feet, extends over an area 

 of 17,000 square miles, and it is estimated 

 will yield a hundred thousand million tons. 

 There are besides this a number of others rang- 

 ing from one to five feet in thickness. The cen- 

 tral and western portions of the State contain 

 apparently inexhaustible beds of gypsum, vary- 

 ing frou\ fifteen to one hundred feet in thick- 

 ness, and the value of which is incalculable. 

 Of not less importance than the coal veins are . 

 the beds of iron ore which underlie a large 

 portion of Kansas, and which are capable of 

 producing a fine quality of metal. In several 

 rivers in. the southern part of the State which 

 were explored by Professor Swallow, the crude 

 ore had washed out from the banks and was 

 scattered in their beds in enormous quantities. 

 Kansas has also rich deposits of lead, and in 

 several counties traces of petroleum have been 

 discovered. 



With a view of developing these great agri- 

 cultural and mineral resources, the people of 

 the State are now actively employed in estab- 

 lishing railroad communications with the East- 

 ern and Pacific States. By the close of the 

 year nearly fifty miles of the eastern division 

 of the Union Pacific Railroad, which com- 

 mences at Wyandotte, at the mouth of the 

 Kansas River, and is destined to connect with 

 the main line in western Nebraska, were com- 

 pleted. Surveys have been extended to the 

 one-hundredth meridian, a distance of about 

 three hundred and eighty-one miles, and there 

 is now a party in the field making surveys of 

 the Smoky Hill route, who are to extend their 

 labors to Denver City, about five hundred and 

 eighty-one miles from the eastern terminus of 

 the road. The Atchison branch of the Union 

 Pacific road is also well under way, and the 

 first forty miles, it is supposed, will be com- 

 pleted by May 1, 1866. In addition to these 

 enterprises, projects are already advanced for 

 lines terminating at Galveston, on the Gulf of 



