532 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



sount of the war, including only such expenses 

 as have accrued under the direction and su- 

 pervision of the several State departments, as 

 authorized by legislative enactments, amounted 

 to $27,705,109 ; and, as far as can be ascertained 

 at present, the expenses incurred by cities and 

 towns for bounties and other military purposes, 

 have been not less than this sum. The militia 

 of the State at the close of the year comprised 

 eighty-eight companies of infantry, six com- 

 panies of cavalry, four batteries of light artil- 

 lery, and two companies of cadets. In view 

 of what he considered defects in the militia 

 law of 1865, Gov. Andrew delayed the com- 

 plete organization of the militia and the de- 

 livery of the uniforms prescribed by the act, 

 until the Legislature could frame a better law. 



At the close of 1865 only one bank of dis- 

 count, organized on the old system, remained 

 in Massachusetts ; all the others had been con- 

 verted into national banks. As one of the re- 

 sults of this change, the State Board of Bank 

 Commissioners passed out of existence. The 

 savings banks numbered on January 1, 1866, 

 one hundred and two, having deposits amount- 

 ing to nearly $60,000,000, a sum exceeding by 

 $6,000,000 the combined capital of both classes 

 of banks in 1851. The number of depositors 

 in these banks amounted to nearly 300,000. 



During 1865 the sum of $1,940,000 was ex- 

 pended on public schools, exclusive of buildings 

 and books, which exhibits a considerable gain 

 over any previous year. All the municipalities 

 of the State except twenty-two raised by tax- 

 ation double the sum required by law as a con- 

 dition of receiving a share of the income of 

 the general school fund. The latter has now 

 reached the maximum of $2,000,000 fixed by 

 the Legislature in 1864. It is estimated that 

 the amount raised by taxation in 1866 will ex- 

 ceed the entire fund. Harvard University, 

 which, since the adoption of the State Consti- 

 tution, has been to a certain extent controlled 

 by the Legislature, was, by an act passed in 

 1865, made an entirely independent institution. 

 Her Board of Overseers, previously elected by 

 the Legislature, are hereafter to be elected by 

 the College Alumni. 



The public charitable and correctional insti- 

 tutions of Massachusetts are under the control 

 of a Board of State Charities, created by the 

 Legislature in 1863. They report that for the 

 year ending September 30, 1865, the average 

 population of the State almshouses was 1,919, 

 whose support cost in money drawn from the 

 treasury $152,500. During the same period, 

 1,702 paupers and lunatics, belonging to other 

 communities, were removed from the Common- 

 wealth by this Board. Since September 30, 

 1857, 1,400 paupers, including more than 1,000 

 lunatics, have in like manner been removed. 

 These removals have cost about $50,000, or 

 $3.50 for each person sent. To support those 

 who remain has cost, for the eight years, in 

 round numbers, $1,100,000 for a constant aver- 

 age of 2,042 paupers, and $630,000 for an 



average of 550 lunatics. As the direct result 

 of this action, no new pauper institution has 

 been designed since 1857, and none appears 

 likely to be required ; the average number in 

 the almshouses is less than ten years ago ; and 

 notwithstanding the increase of population, es- 

 pecially in that class whence State paupers are 

 derived, the official returns indicate that their 

 number has considerably decreased since 1855. 

 The total expenditure for State paupers in three 

 lunatic asylums, three State almshouses, and 

 one general hospital, was $270,000. The 

 schools at Westboro' and Lancaster, and the 

 Nautical School Ship, constituting the three 

 juvenile reformatories of the State, maintained 

 during the year 625 inmates, at a cost of $100,- 

 900. The aggregate cost of all charities and 

 reforms was half a million of dollars. 



The following table exhibits the condition of 

 the steam railroads of Massachusetts and their 

 operations in 1865 : 



Capital stock ... ... $78.075,405 



Capital paid in 65,565,483 



Debt 25,068,213 



Cost of roads and equipment 72,175,091 



Total income in 1865 18,974,914 



Working expenses 12,801,757 



Net earnings 6,178,157 



Interest paid . 1,164,179 



Amount of dividends paid 8,872,817 



Surplus, November 80, 1865 5,562,436 



Total length of rail (as single track) In miles 1,975 



Tons of freight carried 5,277,563 



Number of passengers carried 20,278,055 



Number of passengers killed 21 



Number of men employed, exclusive of those en- 

 caged in construction 7,97T 



Number of employes killed 26 



Number of persons killed while walking or lying 



upon the track 45 



Number of engines owned 471 



Number of passenger cars 673 



Number of merchandise cars &.612 



The number of passengers carried over all 

 the roads in 1865 was 20,278,455, which was 

 2,072,032 more than in 1864. Of the fatal acci- 

 dents to passengers, twenty-one in number, not 

 one was caused through any negligence on the 

 part of employes of the railroad companies. 

 From the report of the Commissioners of the 

 Troy and Greenfield Railroad and Hoosac Tun- 

 nel, work on both enterprises appear to be 

 making satisfactory progress. The payments 

 for the year were $531,416, and the commis- 

 sioners held a balance at the close of the year of 

 $12,491. Of the amount expended, $241,600 

 was for the Deerfield dam and for buildings 

 and machinery ; $235,542 for work on the tun- 

 nel ; $6,000 for commissioners' salaries ; $2,435 

 for surveys and estimates. The progress of 

 tunnelling the Hoosac Mountain for the last six 

 months has averaged forty-one feet, and for the 

 last three months forty-seven feet per month, 

 which is more by several feet than the estimate 

 of the commissioners. A difficulty has been 

 experienced in excavating the west end of the 

 tunnel, in consequence of a great flow of water 

 from a spring about ten feet below the grade, 

 which for some time interrupted the work. 

 This has been in a measure surmounted, and 

 there is no reason to apprehend that the work 

 will henceforth be materially delayed from anj 



