604 NAVY, UNITED STATES. 



are obliged to leave before the conclusion of 

 the course. A special department for instruc- 

 tion iu tbe principles and practice of naval en- 

 gineery is now connected with, the school. 

 "With a view of improving the quality of the 

 enlisted men in the navy, the apprentice system 

 has been revived, and as an inducement to par- 

 ents to send their boys for instruction in sea- 

 manship, it is recommended that half the an- 

 nual appointments to. the Naval Academy be 

 made from among the naval apprentices who 

 have served two years on board of a practice 

 ship. By this plan, it is believed, the physical 

 standard of the midshipman will be greatly im- 

 proved, while a better class of boys will be ob- 

 tained for naval apprentices. 



The naval pension-fund on January 1, 1866, 

 amounted to about $10,000,000, and in July 

 last it paid as interest, in currency, the sum of 

 $292,783.59. This fund is wholly derived from 

 the Government's share in the proceeds of 

 captured and condemned prize property ; most 

 of it was foreign capital, embarked in foreign 

 bottoms to aid the insurgents. The income 

 from this source will, if rightly husbanded, be 

 ample to meet the requirements of the Govern- 

 ment for the payment of naval pensions, with- 

 out any tax upon the people. On November 

 1, 1865, the navy pension roll was as follows : 



981 Invalids, with annual pensions amounting to $68,587 60 

 1,096 widows and orphans, annually receiving. . . . 179,942 00 



2,027 persons, receiving total amount of $248,529 50 



Being an increase during the year of four hun- 

 dred and eighteen persons, receiving pensions 

 amounting to $58,870.40. 



The total expenses of the Naval Department 

 from the 4th of March, 1861, to the 30th of 

 June, 1865, embracing a period of four years 

 and four months, and covering not only the 

 ordinary expenses of the navy, but such as 

 have arisen in the purchase, construction, and 

 equipment of vessels and in the maintenance of 

 the large naval force required during the war, 

 were $314,170,960.68 an average annual ex- 

 penditure of $72,500,990.93. The navy has 

 cost the Government less than one-tenth of the 

 whole expenses entailed by the war. 



The following tables of expenses and es- 

 timates, exhibit the great reductions which 

 will follow the peace establishment : 



The available resources for the fiscal year 



ending June 30. 1865, were $140,091,125 99 



Expenditures during the same time 116,781,675 95 



$28,809,450 04 



Appropriations not wanted and carried to sur- 

 plus fund 900,459 89 



Leaving a balance at the commencement of 



tbe present fiscal year of 22.408,900 05 



The appropriations for the current year are. . 119,682,928 75 



Making the total available resources from 

 appropriations for the fiscal year ending 

 Junc80,1865 $142,291,91940 



This is exclusive of what has been and may 

 be derived from the sale of vessels and other 

 property which the close of the war has en- 

 abled the department to dispose of. 



NETHERLANDS, (THE). 



The whole of this amount will not be needeil 

 for disbursement during the year, and several 

 of the bureaus will have balances sufficiently 

 large to cover their expenditures for the suc- 

 . ceeding fiscal year. The estimates for the year 

 ending June 30, 1867, are as follows: 



Payof thenavy $9,836,638 00 



Bounties to discharged seamen 800,000 00 



Equipment of vessels 1,000,000 00 



Kavy yards, pay of superintendents, etc 7,185,536 00 



Navigation, Naval Academy, Observatory, 



etc 4%,779 00 



Surgeons' necessaries and hospitals 265,750 00 



Marine corps 1,757,754 50 



Contingent and miscellaneous 8,200,000 00 



Total $28,982,457 50 



This amount includes the sum of $5,500,000 

 for the erection* of barracks for the accommo- 

 dation of seamen now quartered on board re- 

 ceiving-ships ; for the erection of additional 

 dwelling-houses for officers in the several navy 

 yards ; the purchase of land, and other improve- 

 ments of a permanent character. 



NETHERLANDS, THE, or HOLLAND, a 

 kingdom in Europe. King William III., born 

 February 19, 1817, succeeded his father, on 

 March 17, 1849. Heir apparent to the throne, 

 Prince William, born September 4, 1840. The 

 sovereign has a civil list of 600,000 guilders, 

 and 300,000 more guilders is allowed for the 

 princes or princesses of the royal family, and 

 the maintenance of the court. According to 

 the constitution of 1848, the Upper House, or 

 first Chamber, consists of thirty-nine members, 

 elected by the Provincial Diets from among the 

 most highly assessed inhabitants; the second 

 Chamber numbers seventy-two members, 

 elected by ballot. The right of voting is made 

 contingent upon the paying of a tax of 120 

 guilders. Of the members of the second Cham- 

 ber, one-half retire every second year, and of 

 the Upper Chamber one-third every third 

 year. Area, 10,905 square miles. Population in 

 1864, 3,699,744. Capital, Amsterdam, with 

 261,455 inhabitants. The largest cities next to 

 Amsterdam, are Rotterdam, with 114,052 in- 

 habitants, and The Hague with 85,689. There 

 were, in 1863, thirty-six towns having a popu- 

 lation of more than 10,000 inhabitants. As to 

 their religious denominations, the inhabitants 

 were, in 1859, classified as follows: Reformed 

 (Calvinists), 1,942,387; Lutherans, 64,539; 

 Catholics, 1,234,486; Greeks, 32; Israelites, 

 63,890. The Netherlands, in 1857. had 2,478 

 public schools, with 4,638 schoolmasters and 

 134 schoolmistresses; 186,766 boys and 136,001 

 girls; 944 higher schools, with 1,842 male and 

 female teachers, and 40,493 male and 40,652 

 female pupils ; 63 additional "Latin schools," 

 with 1,802 pupils; three universities Ley don, 

 Groningen, and Utrecht with 1,327 students. 



The colonial possessions of the Netherlands 

 contained, in 1863, the following population : 



East Indies.... ...... 19,ll!'.n>4 



West Indies ' B1.M8 



Coast of Guinea 120,000 



The most important of the East India pos- 

 sessions are the following : 



