616 



NEW YORK. 



ing business; in twelve to deaths in the mil- 

 itary service; in eleven to the completion of 

 railroads ; and in eleven others to removals to 

 the oil regions of Pennsylvania. The increase 

 in twenty-eight towns was ascribed to the 

 growth of manufactures ; in twenty-two to the 

 growth of villages ; in fourteen to an increase 

 of railroad business ; in ten to emigration ; and 

 in nine to suburban growth. 



The following table shows the population of 

 the State in 1865 by counties, with the increase 

 and decrease, and the number of aliens and 

 colored persons not taxed : 



Population of New York State. 



NOMENCLATURE, ETC. 

 Population of New York City. 



In the Senate the ratio of representation ac- 

 cording to this census is 1 to 106,045. In the 

 Assembly the Constitution secures to every 

 county at least one member, with the exception 

 of Hamilton, which is placed with Fulton Coun- 

 ty. Deducting aliens and colored persons not 

 taxed, the total population divided by 128 gives 

 a ratio of 1 to 26,511^. By the lirst of the two 

 methods of distribution which exist in assign- 

 ing ratios; the counties having a representative 

 population less than this are first deducted, and 

 the remaining population divided by the re- 

 maining number of members (Fulton and 

 Hamilton having one), gives a ratio by "which 

 the larger counties receive their allowance. In 

 the present census the counties of Cortland, 

 Essex, Franklin, Fulton and Hamilton, Lewis, 

 Putnam, Richmond, Rockland, Schenectady, 

 Schuyler, Seneca, Warren, and Yates, having 

 each less than the ratio of 1 to 26,511}, and 

 together a representative number of 287,513, 

 would be deducted. The remaining 3,105,926, 

 divided by 115, gives the ratio of 1 to 27,008, 

 by which the other counties would be equalized. 



By the second method, as each county (ex- 

 cepting Hamilton) has a fraction that would 

 entitle it to at least one member, the ratio of 1 

 to 26,511} is used without previous deduction 

 of the smaller counties. 



NOMENCLATURE AND NOTATION, 

 CHEMICAL. "No chemist will need to be 

 reminded," observes Professor Hofmann (Intro- 

 duction to Modern Chemistry), " that, during 

 the last quarter of a century, the science of 

 chemistry has undergone a profound transfor- 

 mation." He reminds his readers that the ac- 

 cessions of fact have been so rapid, so volumi- 

 nous, and so heterogeneous, as almost to exceed 

 the grasp of any single mind. Meanwhile, of 

 course, attempts have continued to be made 

 toward the scientific interpretation of such facts ; 



