668 



OB1TUAEIES, EUROPEAN. 



himself, and in which he soon distinguished 

 himself so much as to be undisputedly the first 

 authority in geological questions of the Jura 

 Mountains. His work on the Solothurn Jura, 

 published by him and his friends Desor and 

 Agassiz, at once established him as such. Un- 

 selfish to a point which became imprudent, he 

 Bractised his science for the sake of science alone, 

 uried among the clay and stones of the moun- 

 tains, hammering, digging, and scratching for 

 days together, he cared for nothing else, and 

 was entirely oblivious of any claims of society 

 on him. Gressly's geological studies for the 

 piercing of the Hauenstein gave evidence of a 

 truly admirable penetration and sagacity ; with 

 the greatest accuracy he pointed out the depth 

 of the different beds and strata. If his advice 

 had been followed in every particular and his 

 warning been listened to, the terrible catas- 

 trophe in the Hauenstein tuunel, which cost so 

 many lives, would not have happened. His 

 services in the building of the Jura Eailway were 

 equally great. Some years later he accom- 

 panied his friend Desor to the Mediterranean, 

 for the purpose of scientific examinations, and 

 another friend and well-known natural philoso- 

 pher, Prof. Karl Vogt, in his voyage to Iceland, 

 Norway, etc. 



April 16. LUCAS, SAMUEL, editor of the Lon- 

 don "Morning Star," died in London, aged 54 

 years. He was a native of Brighton, a man of 

 fine abilities and earnest convictions, and thor- 

 oughly identified with the Liberal party in Eng- 

 land. Well versed in the knowledge of public 

 affairs, his party possessed in him an able and 

 untiring champion, while at the same time his 

 catholic spirit and amiable temper rendered 

 him more than popular with all who knew him. 

 He was identified with all the social reforms of 

 his time. He founded, the Manchester Public 

 Schools Association, after the plan of the United 

 States and Canadian systems not without op- 

 position. He was an active member of the 

 Anti-Corn-Law League. He helped to repeal 

 the narrow-minded restrictions on the publish- 

 ing of English newspapers, and took an active 

 part in the formation and direction of the Con- 

 stitutional Defence Association, which had its 

 origin in the attempt of the House of Lords 

 to control the taxation of the country, and 

 its reward in the ultimate triumph of the 

 Commons. He was also one of the originators 

 of the Emancipation Society. During the late 

 war between the North and South, lie was a 

 warm supporter of our Government, uphold- 

 ing it with earnest vigor through much opposi- 

 tion. Mr. Lucas was a brother-in-law of Mr. 

 Bright, and an intimate friend of Mr. Cob- 

 den. 



April 24. MITCHELL, JOHN MITCHELL, 

 Knight of the Order of Leopold, and Belgian 

 Consul-General for Scotland, died near Edin- 

 burgh, aged 70 years. Ho received a good 

 education at the Polmont School, and was 

 afterwards sent to the University of Edinburgh. 

 For nearly fifty years he was in 'business as a 



merchant of Leith, and was for a great part of 

 the time Belgian Consul-General; but these 

 duties, discharged in the most energetic manner, 

 still left him time, which he devoted to litera- 

 ture and archaeology. He was deeply versed 

 in archaeological science, and had an accurate 

 and comprehensive knowledge of natural his- 

 tory, mineralogy, and kindred sciences, and 

 was also familiar with most of the languages 

 of the Continent^ He contributed many inter- 

 esting papers to the Antiquarian and other so- 

 cieties with which he was connected, besides 

 preparing several works for the press, among 

 which was a quarto volume, published in 1863, 

 giving illustrations of the Runic literature of 

 Scandinavia, with translations in Danish and 

 English of the inscriptions found in the mound 

 at Mesehowe, Orkney,* which was opened in 

 1861. He was also the author of an elaborate 

 work on "The Herring; its Natural History 

 and National Importance." 



April 24. RUSSIA, NICHOLAS ALEXANDRO- 

 VITCH, CZAEEWITCH of, eldest son of the Em- 

 peror Alexander II., and the Empress Maria, 

 and heir-apparent to the imperial throne, died 

 at Nice, France, aged 21 years. He was a 

 young man of fine scholarship, but having a 

 delicate constitution, unlike his father and 

 grandfather, he displayed no predilection for a 

 military life ; but, as a matter of course, he was 

 officially connected with the army, holding a 

 high rank, not only in the Russian army, but 

 in the Prussian also. The betrothal of the 

 Grand Duke to the Princess Dagmar, second 

 daughter of the King and Queen of Denmark, 

 took place in October last, at Copenhagen, and 

 was afterwards ratified by a decree of the Em- 

 peror of Russia, in accordance with a law es- 

 tablished by 'Alexander I. The Grand Duke 

 had long suffered with what was believed to be 

 a rheumatic affection, and for this a short resi- 

 dence in the south of Europe was proposed by 

 his physicians ; but the expected relief was not 

 obtained, and he survived only a few weeks. 



April 25. KMETY, Geu. GEOKGE (Ismail 

 Pacha), an officer of the Imperial Turkish, and 

 the late Hungarian armies, died suddenly in 

 London, aged 51 years. He was a native of 

 Hungary, and the son of a Protestant clergy- 

 man; was educated at the Protestant College 

 at Eperies, and the Protestant Lyceum of Pres- 

 burg, where he contended for a scholarship in 

 a German university, and was successful. In 

 consequence, however, of an error OE. the part 

 of the clerk of the committee with whom the 

 decision rested, the reward was bestowed on 

 another person of the same name. This dis- 

 appointment drove him to the army, where his 

 rapid advancement proved his faithfulness to 

 duty. On the breaking out of hostilities be- 

 tween Austria and Hungary, he received tho 

 command of a battalion in the Hungarian array, 

 and won himself great honor. Subsequently 

 he was made general, and appointed to the 

 command of a detached division, with which 

 he routed the Austrians at Csorna. When tho 



