OHIO. 



eral steadiness of observing by the latter 

 method is very remarkable, and shows the 

 great advantages obtained by its adoption. 



6. The probable error of a Greenwich result 

 for right ascension in the year 1853, as deter- 

 mined from eye-and -ear transits, is 0.'048; 

 while the corresponding probable error result- 

 ing from chronographic transits in the year 

 1857, is 0. S 034. There is a tendency in both 

 methods toward an increase in the probable 

 error when transits of stars of the first magni- 

 tude are observed; but the amount of this 

 increase is small. 



In the discussion following the reading of this 

 paper, Mr. De la Kue remarked that there is a 

 " personal equation " even in the chronograph- 

 ic system. The finger might move a little too 

 soon or too late upon the tappet, or the tappet 

 might "hang fire," etc. Mr. Wheatstone had 

 proposed to correct this by a system of wires 

 in the transit-instrument, which, when the star 

 was brought between them, should be made to 

 follow its movement, and when the star passed 

 the optical axis of the instrument or any num- 

 ber of known points from that axis, the chro- 

 nographic contact should be secured by contact 

 of the wires, and a number of records thus ob- 

 tained independently of the will of the observ- 

 er. Col. Strange thought this result had already 

 been acccomplished in an instrument in the 

 Paris Observatory, by an invention of M. Ee- 

 dier. In this, the wire was carried so steadily 

 across the field so exactly with the same ve- 

 locity as the passage of the stars that the 

 record of the intersection of that star with the 

 wire was a matter of perfect ease and certainty. 

 Such a system, he thought, would still further 

 reduce the errors even of the chronographic 

 method. 



Col. Strange remarked also that M. Lever- 

 rier had in a conversation with him disapproved 

 of the chronographic system, declaring that its 

 practice tends to make bad astronomers. Sub- 

 sequently, in a note to the Society, Leverrier 

 has stated that in the conversation referred to 

 he had been to some extent misunderstood, 

 and that what he would say is, that " a touch- 

 observer does not acquire the same apprecia- 

 tion of duration of time as an observer trained 

 to eye-and-ear observations." 



OHIO. The progress of this State in wealth 

 and population, uninterrupted during the war, 

 would seem, judging from the greatly in- 

 creased receipts into the treasury, to have re- 

 ceived a new impetus with the advent of peace. 

 The total receipts from all sources during the 

 fiscal year amounted to the sum of $13,190,000, 

 while the receipts daring 1864 were only $8,- 

 680,000, showing an increase of $4,510,000. 

 The total disbursements were $12,400,000, or 

 $5,721,000 more than in the previous year, 

 when they were only $6,679,006, leaving a 

 balance to the credit of all funds of $790,000 

 against $2,000,960, the balance of 1864. The 

 total funded debt of the State was $12,912,014, 

 showing a diminution of $588,736 since 1864, 



when it was $13,500,750. The following table, 

 from the Auditor's report, showing the debt and 

 population of the State at different periods and 

 the proportion of the debtor capita, affords evi- 

 dence of a remarkable development of mater** 

 resources and accumulation of wealth: 



Debt. Population. Per Capita. 



1844 $18,004,526 1,702,714 $10.57102 



1854 15,218.980 2,124,000 7.16524 



1860 14,250,233 2,839,511 6.09111 i 



1865 12,912,014 2,514,974 6.13405 



The Auditor says : " With a rigid adherence 

 to economy, the proper amendments of the tax 

 laws, and the steady and intelligent enforce- 

 ment of a just and equal taxation, the public 

 debt will disappear in seven years, and the State 

 levy sink down to one mill on the dollar. Then, 

 with the rate of interest properly adjusted, 

 capital will flow into the State, manufactories 

 spring up, and population and wealth augment 

 in a ratio hitherto scarcely dreamed of." It 

 appears, from the table of the public debt in 

 the Auditor's report, that there remains due : 



Of the loan of I860 $562,268 56 



Of the loan of 1865 1,009,500 00 



And that there will bo due in 1868.... 659,079 18 



Making $2,230,847 69 



From .lie report of the Commissioner of 

 Statistics it appears that there were 3,340 miles 

 of railroad in the State, with a paid-up capital 

 of $77,694,737, and an indebtedness of $58,931,- 

 686. The estimated crop of oats was 18,000,000 

 bushels; of corn, 90,000,000 bushels; and of 

 hay, 2,000,000 tons. The average production 

 of crops was equal to that of a series of pre- 

 ceding years. The fruit crop was an almost 

 entire failure, owing to wintry storms and the 

 extraordinary humidity of the atmosphere in 

 April, May, and June. Of maple and sorghum 

 sugar the production was 5,239,729 pounds ; of 

 molasses, 2,933,697 gallons. 



During the year there were 23,198 marriages 

 and 837 divorces ; 2,811 indictments for crime, 

 and 1,025 convictions ; 11,477 civil suits brought 

 and 8,773 judgments rendered. The number of 

 violent deaths was 1,014. There were erected 

 during the year, at an aggregate cost of $4,889,- 

 912, 4,850 houses, 1,158 barns, 78 mills, and 

 311 furnaces, factories, etc. 



The State furnished to the Federal Govern- 

 ment, between the loth of April, 1861, and the 

 15th of April, 1865, for different terms of ser- 

 vice, varying from three months to three years, 

 one hundred and ninety- eight regiments of in- 

 fantry, raised and organized within the State, 

 besides considerable numbers of men for the 

 cavalry and artillery arms of the service. The 

 aggregate number of troops furnished by the 

 State was 317,133 for various terms of ser- 

 vice, equal to 239,976 three years' men. Of 

 these all had been discharged, with the excep- 

 tion of six regiments, mainly serving on the 

 Rio Grande. Speaking of the retention of these 

 Ohio volunteers in the field after the conclusion 

 of the war, Governor Anderson said in his mes- 

 sage of the 1st of January, 1866, that it was never 



