PERU. 



C99 



by the entire nation without a show of resist- 

 ance. A solitary attempt, made in Arequipa, 

 to bring about a rising in favor of President 

 Pezet, was easily suppressed. The Dictator in- 

 augurated his administration by a series of wise 

 and vigorous measures, which secured to him 

 a more than ordinary confidence on the part 

 of the population. He ordered a thorough in- 

 vestigation into the public treasury; taxes were 

 levied on the produce of the country exported ; 

 silver, cotton, sugar, rice, tobacco, and salt- 

 petre, being charged three per cent, advalorem 

 duty; forty cents per arroba on brandy, and 

 fifty cents per gallon on rum. In order to make 

 up the deficiency and to prevent an entire de- 

 pendence upon the transient revenue of tho 

 guano trade, a general abolition of all priv- 

 ileges and pecuniary grants unlawfully accord- 

 ed by former governments was decreed and 

 carried into execution. Several bureaus and 

 all unnecessary offices were suppressed. A 

 central court of justice was appointed for the 

 speedy trial and punishment of all persons be- 

 longing to the public service who might be guilty 

 of treason, dishonesty in the discharge of their 

 duties, or other crimes. Public schools were 

 decreed, for the diffusion of education among 

 the poorer classes. 



The Government of Gen. Prado assumed at 

 once a determined attitude with regard to Spain. 

 Several vessels were detained in Callao, on sus- 

 picion that they were carrying provisions and 

 implements of war to the Spaniards, and the 

 attitude of the Government left no doubt that 

 it would repudiate the treaty of January, and 

 closely ally itself with Chili. 



On December 5th the negotiations which 

 the new Government of Peru had, immediately 

 after its installation, entered into with Chili, 

 terminated in the conclusion of, an offensive 

 and defensive alliance. It was agreed between 

 Senor Pacheco, the Peruvian, and Senor Santa 

 Maria, the Chilian commissioner, that the af- 

 fair should not be made public until ratified 

 by the Chilian Congress. The latter body lost 

 no time in ratifying and approving the treaty 

 (December 30th), and consequently war was 

 proclaimed by Peru against Spam on the 14th 

 of January, 1866. 



The Dictator announced the important decree 

 to the nation by the following decree : 

 Mariano Ignacio Prado, Provisional Supreme Chief 



of the Republic. 



In consideration, That Peru, independently from 

 the special reasons which she has for demanding from 

 the Government of Spain the reparation of grave 

 offences which the latter has inflicted on her, has 

 been obliged to consider, and considers as her own, 

 the question which the latter Government has raised 

 against Chili; and that in consequence thereof a 

 treaty of alliance, offensive and defensive, has been 

 signed, approved, and ratified between both Repub- 

 lics, with the object of saving each other mutually, 

 and also America, from the unjust violent aggressions 

 of Spain ; I decree : 



ART. 1. The Republic is declared to be in a state 

 of war with the Government of Spain. 



ART. 2. The Secretary of Foreign Relations will 

 take car to communicate this declaration to all 



friendly nations, with a corresponding manifest of 

 reasons which have caused the same. 



The Secretaries of State, each one in the Depart- 

 ment that belongs to him, are charged with the ex- 

 ecution of this decree and with the publication of 

 the same with due solemnity. 



Given at the Government House in Lima, the 14th 

 of January, 1860. MARIANO I. PRADO. 



The sum and substance of the treaty between 

 Peru and Chili was as follows : 



In the name of the Almighty God : The Republics 

 of Peru and Chili, in view of the danger which threat- 

 ens America, and of the violent aggression and unjust 

 pretensions with which the Spanish Government has 

 commenced to attack the dignity and sovereignty 

 of both, have resolved to conclude a Treaty of Alli- 

 ance, offensive and defensive, to which effect they 

 have appointed as Plenipotentiaries ad "hoc, on the 

 part of Peru, the Secretary of Foreign Relations, D. 

 Toribio Pacheco, and on the part of Chili, Sr. D. Do- 

 mingo Santa Maria, who, after having found their 

 respective Powers to be in due order, have pro- 

 ceeded to stipulate the following preliminary treaty : 



ART. 1. The Republics of Peru and Chili form be- 

 tween them the closest offensive and defensive alli- 

 ance for the purpose of repelling the actual aggres- 

 sion of the Spanish Government, as well as any 

 other of the same Government, which has its object 

 on attacking the independence, sovereignty, or dem- 

 ocratic institutions of both republics, or of any 

 other on the South American continent, or which 

 originates in unjust claims that have been declared 

 as such by both nations, are not made according to 

 the principles of International Law, nor decided in 

 the way this same law prescribes. 



ART. 2. For the present, and by this Treaty, the 

 Republics of Peru and Chili bind themselves to unite 

 the naval forces which they have, or in future may 

 have disposable, in order to attack with the same the 

 Spanish maritime forces that are or may be found on 

 the waters of the Pacific, blockading, as is actually 

 the case, either the ports of one, or, as may happen, 

 those of bo_th of the above-mentioned Republics, 

 or committing any other hostilities against Peru 

 and Chili. 



ART. 3. The naval forces of both Republics, may 

 they be operating jointly or separately, as long a's 

 the present war lasts, which has been provoked by 

 the Spanish Government, shall obey the government 

 of that of the two Republics in whose waters said 

 naval forces may be. 



The officer of the highest rank, or in case there 

 should be many of the same rank, the oldest one 

 among them, who is in command of either of the 

 combined squadrons, shall take the supreme com- 

 mand of both whenever said squadrons operate 

 jointly. 



The Government of both republics, however, shall 

 be able to confer, by mutual agreement, the com- 

 mand of the squadrons, when they operate combined- 

 ly, on such native or foreign officer whom they may 

 consider most competent. 



ART. 4. Either one of the contracting Republics in 

 whose waters the combined naval forces may be be- 

 cause of the actual war with the Spanish Government, 

 shall pay all expenses of any kind whatever which 

 the supplies of the squadron, or of one or more of 

 the vessels thereof, may make necessary ; but at the 

 end of the war, both Republics shall appoint two 

 commissioners, one for each party, who shall make 

 a definitive settlement of the expenses incurred and 

 duly proved, and shall charge to the account of eacti 

 of the two one-half of the total sura that these ex- 

 penses may amount to. 



In the settlement of the partial expenses which 

 each of the Republics may have paid for the supply 

 of the squadron, or of one or more of its vessels, 

 shall be taken account of and credited in her favor. 



ART. 5. Both contracting parties bind themselves 



