PETTIGREW, THOMAS J. 



PHILLIPS, WILLIAM WIRT. 701 



PETTIGREW, THOMAS J., M. D., an English 

 medical writer, archaeologist, and bibliographer, 

 for many years librarian to the Duke of Sussex, 

 born in 1794, died at South Kensington, Lon- 

 don, November 23, 1865. In early life, after 

 attaining his medical degree, he had served as a 

 surgeon in the navy, in Nelson's squadron, and 

 subsequently settled in practice in the vicinity 

 of London ; but being offered by the Duke of 

 Sussex, whose physician ho was, the post of 

 librarian of his noble collection of books, he 

 accepted it, still retaining his position as phy- 

 sician in ordinary to the duke. He devoted 

 himself zealously to literature and bibliography 

 in his new situation, publishing a " Life of Lord 

 Nelson," " Memoirs of Eminent Physicians and 

 Surgeons," and several other biographical works 

 of great merit. He next turned his attention to 

 archaeology, and besides, numerous papers on 

 Oriental antiquities, published a curious volume 

 on Egyptian mummies. Meantime he was not 

 only faithful to the interests of his noble em- 

 ployer, in his duties as librarian, but expended 

 much time and care in the compilation and per- 

 fection of that monument of patient industry, 

 the " Bibliotheca Sussexiana," an admirable 

 catalogue raisonnee, of a very extensive and re- 

 markable collection of books, in three large oc- 

 tavo volumes. Since the death of his patron he 

 had resided in South Kensington, and devoted 

 hi mself exclusively to literary pursuits. He was 

 a member of numerous learned societies, and a 

 student of patient and indefatigable research. 



PFANDER, GAEL GOTTLIEB, D. D., an Eng- 

 lish missionary and author, born in Wurtem- 

 berg in 1803, died at Richmond, near London, 

 December, 1865. He was educated for the 

 missionary work in the Missionary Institution 

 at Basle, Switzerland, during the years 1821- 

 1825, when he was sent by the Evangelical 

 Missionary Society of Basle to Russian Armenia, 

 where he settled in the towii of Shusha, and, 

 with the aid of several able associates, undertook 

 to introduce evangelical Christianity among the 

 Armenians and Tartars. In 1828 their mission- 

 ary work was expressly sanctioned by an im- 

 perial order for the countries between the Cas- 

 pian and the Black Seas. In 1829-1831 he 

 made a long missionary tour, in company with 

 an English physician, Dr. Graves, through 

 Persia, visiting Bagdad, and distributing many 

 Bibles and tracts. In 1835 an imperial ukase 

 put an end to all evangelical missionary labor 

 throughout Russia ; in consequence of this 

 order all the Basle missionaries left Shusha and 

 Shamakhy. It is well known, however, that 

 these early labors are now producing a rich re- 

 ward. There is a large number of evangelical 

 Armenians on the borders of the Caspian' Sea. 

 In 1838 Dr. Pfander went to India, still in con- 

 nection with the Basle Society. In 1840 he 

 joined the " Church Missionary Society," and 

 was sent to Agra, where he labored particu- 

 larly for the Mohammedans, Several of them 

 were converted through his labors.and writings. 

 Challenged by Mohammedans, he had frequent- 



ly to consent to public disputations with their 

 champions on the subject of religion. That his 

 work among the Mohammedans was appre- 

 ciated is shown by the fact that the friends of 

 missions in India interested themselves in that 

 work, and induced the Religious Tract Society 

 of London to publish his controversial works in 

 Persian and Hindustani. His two chief works 

 are "The Balance of Truth," and "The Way 

 of Life." He also wrote a treatise on the 

 Trinity, and a reply to a Turkish book written 

 against the "Balance of Truth." These writ- 

 ings are now published in Persian, Hindustani, 

 Turkish, and Arabic, so that they reach the 

 four great strongholds of Mohammedanism in 

 the world, Persia, India, Turkey, and Arabia. 

 The most important of all his works is the 

 " Mizan-ul-Hakk," or "Balance of Truth," "a 

 defence of Christianity against the objections 

 of the Mussulmans, and an inquiry into and 

 refutation of the claims of Mahometanism." In 

 1858, at the request of the Church Missionary 

 Society, Dr. Pfander left India and took up his 

 residence in Constantinople, where he continued 

 to reside until just before his death. 



PHILLIPS, WILLIAM WIET, D. D., a Pres- 

 byterian clergyman, born in Montgomery Coun- 

 ty, N. Y., September 23, 1796 ; died in New 

 York City, March 20, 1865. From his early 

 childhood he was of a thoughtful and religious 

 turn of mind ; and after his graduation at Union 

 College in 1815, he entered the Theological 

 Seminary of the Associate Reformed Church, 

 New York, and subsequently the Theological 

 Seminary of the Reformed Dutch Church at 

 New Brunswick, N. J. After prosecuting a 

 full course of study he was, in April, 1818, or- 

 dained as pastor of the Presbyterian church in 

 Pearl Street, New York, now merged in the 

 Central church, Broome Street. Here he con- 

 tinued a most acceptable and useful ministry 

 for eight years, when he was transferred to the 

 First Presbyterian church, then worshipping in 

 Wall Street, but afterwards removed to Fifth 

 Avenue, where he exercised his pastoral office 

 until his death his whole ministerial life occu- 

 pying a period of forty-seven years. 



While as a pastor he devoted himself to the 

 edification of his especial charge, he was called 

 to the performance of other public trusts, to 

 the duties of which he attended with great 

 fidelity and skill. He was a trustee of the Col- 

 lege of New Jersey, Princeton, and both a trus- 

 tee and director of the Theological Seminary 

 at Princeton, and President of the latter Board. 

 He was also a member of the Council of the 

 New York University. Besides being repeat- 

 edly elected a member of the several other 

 Boards of the Presbyterian Church, he was, 

 from its organization in 1837, the chairman of 

 the executive committee of the Board of For- 

 eign Missions, and for several years past Presi- 

 dent of the Board. Making himself thoroughly 

 familiar with its operations, the condition of 

 its missions, and the name, character, and work 

 of every missionary, he showed himself an 



