702 



POKTUGAL. 



earnest and sagacious friend and promoter of 

 that cause. He was frequently a member of 

 the General Assembly, and in 1835 was its 

 moderator. By the terms of their respective 

 foundations he was ex officio a trustee of the 

 Leake and Watts' Orphan Asylum, and of the 

 Sailors' Snug Harbor, posts requiring no little 

 time and labor. The degree of Doctor of Di- 

 vinity was conferred upon Mr. Phillips by 

 Columbia College while he was yet under 

 thirty years of age. 



POLAND. (See KUSSIA.) 



POKTUGAL, a kingdom in Europe. Present 

 King, Luis I., born October 31, 1838; suc- 

 ceeded his brother, King Pedro V., Novem- 

 ber 11, 1861. According to the Constitution 

 (" carta de Ley ") of April 29, 1826 (amended 

 1852), there are two Legislative Chambers, the 

 Chamber of Peers and Chamber of Deputies. 

 The former consisted, in 1865, of 115 members, 

 named for life by the sovereign, hereditary 

 membership having been abolished by the law 

 of May 27, 1864. The Chamber of Deputies 

 consists of 154 Deputies for continental Por- 

 tugal, and 25 for Madeira and the Azores. The 

 members are chosen in direct election, by all 

 citizens possessing a clear annual income of at 

 least 133 milreis, while the Deputies must have 

 an income of at least 390 milreis. A new min- 

 istry was appointed on September 3, 1865, con- 

 sisting of the following members : Antonio de 

 Aguiar (Interior); Viscount de Castro (For- 

 eign Affairs) ; Count Flores Novas (War) ; 

 Bargona Freitas (Justice and Ecclesiastical 

 Affairs); Yontes (Finance); Viscount Praia 

 Grande (Marine and Colonies) ; Serpo Pimentel 

 (Commerce and Public Works). The Eoman 

 Catholic faith is the State religion; but all 

 other forms of worship are tolerated. The 

 number of Protestants, mostly foreigners, does 

 not exceed 500. They have chapels in Lisbon 

 and Oporto. The revenue was estimated in 

 the budget for 1865-1866 at 20,732,357, and 

 the expenditures at 21,021,480 milreis. There 

 has been no budget for the last thirty years 

 without a deficit. The total public debt (inte- 

 rior and exterior) amounted on June 30, 1864, 

 to 185,117,511 milreis. The army numbered 

 on June 30, 1865, 1,409 officers, 18,981 men, 

 2,115 horses, and 36 guns in the kingdom, and 

 10,236 men, with 13,834 reserve troops in the 

 colonies. The navy, in 1865, was composed of 

 35 vessels, armed with 355 guns. 



Portugal was formerly divided into the seven 

 provinces of Minho, Tras-os-Montes, Upper 

 Bcira, Lower Beira, Estremadura, Alentejo, 

 Algarve ; and this division is still in common 

 use, although it was officially supplanted in 

 1835 by a division into administrative districts. 

 The kingdom proper embraces 36,510 square 

 miles, and in 1863 3,987,861 inhabitants; to 

 which must be added the Azores and Madeira, 

 with 1,032 square miles, and 362,105 inhabit- 

 ants. Total population of the kingdom and the 

 isles, 4,349,966 (in 1 861, 4,085,330). The popu- 

 lation of the colonial possessions was as follows : 



1. POSSESSIONS IN ASIA : 



Indian Settlements, Goa, Salccte, Bardes, 



etc 



Damao and Diu 44,803 



Indian Archipelago. 850,800 



Macao 29,587 



Total 1,288,488 



2. POSSESSIONS IN AFRICA: 



Cape Verde Islands (fourteen, of which 



seven are inhabited) 85,400 



Settlements in Senegambia 1,095 



Islands of St. Thomas and Principe 12,250 



Angola, I !c n triida, and Mossamides 2,000,000 



Territory of Mozambique 300,000 



Total 2,898,745 



Total of Portuguese Colonies 3,687,223 



The capital, Lisbon, has a population of 

 224,063 inhabitants; and Oporto 86,257 in- 

 habitants. 



The movement of commerce in 1861 was as 

 follows: Imports. 26,634,919; exports, 14,383,- 

 187 milreis. 



The movement of shipping in the same year 

 was as follows: 



On March 27th the batteries of the fort of 

 Belem fired upon the American war-fessels 

 Niagara and Sacramento, stationed at the 

 mouth of the Tajo, because, in the opinion of 

 the governor of the fort, they had violated the 

 laws of neutrality. The American envoy, on 

 April 7th, demanded as satisfaction that the gov- 

 ernor of Belem be deposed and the American 

 flag be saluted. The Portuguese Government 

 granted both these demands. 



The Chamber of Deputies which was elected 

 in 1864 was dissolved in May, after a session 

 of four months and a half. A new Chamber 

 was elected in July, in which the ministry had 

 a small majority. The Cortes were opened by 

 the King on July 30th with a brief speech. 

 The King stated that the mediation of Por- 

 tugal between England and Brazil had pro- 

 duced a happy result. The financial condi- 

 tion of the country was satisfactory. Laws 

 would be presented by the ministry relative to 

 the Douro wine trade and the importation of 

 cereals. The King also announced that a rigid 

 law would shortly be brought forward for the 

 final abolition of slavery in the Portuguese pos- 

 sessions. On August 25th, the candidate of the 

 ministry was elected President of the Chamber 

 of Deputies by 85 to 74 votes ; but on August 

 29, the ministry (Sa da Bandeira) were defeated 

 and resigned. On September 3d, the new min- 

 istry mentioned above was formed. Both the 

 old and the new ministry belong to the Liberal 

 party. The new represent a coalition between 

 the Liberal majority of the Chamber of 1864 

 and the Progressista Opposition called Kegen- 

 erators. 



