RICHARDSON, CHARLES. 



ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. 747 



land. The chief agricultural products of the 

 previous year were as follows : 



Hay 70,565 tons. 



Wheat 758 bushels. 



Eye 29,161 " 



Indian Corn 466,688 " 



Oats 175,944 " 



Barley 46,500 " 



Buckwheat 2,869 " 



? Potatoes 710,627 " 

 In 1865 the State contained 11,133 horses; 

 40,717 sheep, from which were obtained 114,- 

 781 pounds of wool ; 16,269 swine, and 17,517 

 milch cows, which yielded 2,223,272 gallons of 

 milk, from which were made 857,466 pounds 

 of butter, and 136,130 pounds of cheese. 



RICHARDSON", CHARLES, an English philol- 

 ogist and author, born July, 1775 ; died at Felt- 

 ham, England, October 0, 1865. He was intend- 

 ed for the law, but quitted it early for literary 

 pursuits. His first production, published in 

 1805, was "Illustrations of English Philology," 

 a critical examination of Dr. Johnson's Diction- 

 ary, and remarks on Dugald Stewart's essay 

 "On the Tendency of some late Philological 

 Speculations," in which he strenuously advo- 

 cated Home Tooke's " Principles of Language." 

 Shortly afterwards he undertook the lexico- 

 graphical portion of the " Encyclopaedia Metro- 

 politana." The first part of this work was pub- 

 lished in January, 1811 ; but in consequence of 

 the failure of the original proprietors, it was 

 suspended for some years. In January, 1835, 

 the work was resumed, and completed in the 

 spring of 1837. One of its most attractive feat- 

 ures is Dr. Richardson's Dictionary, which is 

 in every way different in plan and arrangement 

 from all its predecessors ; its great merit lying 

 in the careful tracing of each word to its true 

 root, and in placing the chief derivative words 

 under their respective primitives; also, in the 

 historical illustrations of the meaning of the 

 words arranged chronologically, affording am- 

 ple facilities to all who would master the nice- 

 ties of the language. In 1854 he published a 

 volume on the " Study of Language." He was 

 also the author of an "Historical Essay on 

 English Grammar and English Grammarians," 

 and another on " Fancy and Imagination," and 

 a contributor to " Notes and Queries." He 

 deserves great credit as a philologist, for the 

 impulse which he gave to etymological inquiry ; 

 and though some of his etymologies have been 

 discarded by later philologists, yet his princi- 

 ciples of investigation and their results will 

 remain as his most enduring monument. 



RICHARDSON", Sir JOHN, an eminent scien- 

 tific writer and explorer, born in Dumfries, 

 Scotland, in 1787 ; died at Lancrigg, Grasmere, 

 June 5, 18G5. He was educated at the gram- 

 mar school in his native town, studied medi- 

 cine at the University of Edinburgh, in 1801, 

 and in 1807 entered the navy as an assistant 

 surgeon. Before the completion of his twenty- 

 first year he was raised to the rank of acting 

 surgeon of the Hercules, and in 1819 accom- 

 panied Sir John Franklin in his Arctic expedi- 

 tion as surgeon and naturalist. His scientific 



life began with the publication, in 1823, of Sir 

 John Franklin's Narrative, accompanied with 

 " Geognostical Observations, Remarks on the 

 Aurora Borealis, Notices of Fishes, and a Bo- 

 tanical Appendix." In 1825 he sailed a second 

 time with Franklin to the polar regions, from 

 whose command he was detached on the special 

 duty of surveying the coast between the Mac- 

 kenzie and Coppermine Rivers, a work which 

 he resumed twenty-two years later, under more 

 favorable auspices. The chief scientific fruit 

 of this expedition, so far as Dr. Richardson was 

 concerned, is represented by the truly valuable 

 work, Fauna JSoreali- Americana, which ap- 

 peared in several quarto volumes from 1829 to 

 1837. From 1828 to 1838 Dr. Richardson was 

 connected with the Melville Hospital, and the 

 ten years following was physician of the fleet. 

 In 1846 he was created a knight, and in 1848, 

 when 61 years of age, he commanded one of 

 the expeditions which went in search of Sir 

 John Franklin, an account of .which he pub- 

 lished in the "Boat Voyage," two volumes. 

 Returning in 1849, he spent another half dozen 

 years at Hasler, and receiving no farther ap- 

 pointment from the Government, retired from 

 the service. The remaining ten years of his 

 life were spent mainly in literary and scien- 

 tific pursuits. He took great interest in ethno- 

 logical and linguistic studies, and the investi- 

 gations of forty years in zoology and its 

 kindred sciences made him a true and trust- 

 worthy anthropologist. Among his latest 

 works is " The Polar Regions," a moderate- 

 sized octavo volume, published in 1860. His 

 life was one of rare kindliness and charity. 

 RINDERPEST. (See CATTLE PLAGUE.) 

 ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. The 

 "Pontifical Annual" for 1866, published in 

 Rome, gives the following details on the pres- 

 ent condition of the Roman Catholic Church : 

 " Pius IX., born at Sinigaglia, on the 13th May, 

 1792, was elected Pope on the 16th June, 1846 ; 

 he is consequently in the 74th year of his age, 

 and the twentieth of his Pontificacy. The 

 Sacred College at the present time includes 57 

 cardinals, 6 members of the order of bishops, 

 43 that of priests, and 8 of deacons. Of that 

 number 29 reside habitually at Rome, and the 

 others abroad; 17 were created by Gregory 

 XVI. and 42 by Pius IX. The most ancient 

 cardinal (Mario Mattei) has worn the purple for 

 the last 34 years ; the eldest (Antonio Tosti) is 

 aged 90, and the youngest (Giuseppe-Milesi- 

 Pironi-Fcrretti) only 49. There are eleven hats 

 at present vacant. Throughout the globe are 

 12 patriarchal sees, 154 archiepiscopal, and 692 

 episcopal. To those numbers must be added 

 226 sees in partibus infidelium (30 archbishop- 

 rics and 196 bishoprics). Of the patriarchs, 5 

 belong to the Eastern and 7 to the Latin 

 Churches ; of the archbishops, 24 to the former 

 and 134 to the latter; and of the bishops, 46 

 are Eastern and 646 Latin. In the five parts 

 of the world are 96 sees, which hold their au- 

 thority directly from Rome. The number of 



