SAXE. 



SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN. 



755 



these words: "Liberty, Equality, and Frater- 

 nity ;" the people to exercise their sovereignty 

 Avithout compulsion, and give themselves to 

 security. In December an election of Presi- 

 dent was held, which resulted in the success 

 of General Buenaventura Baez, who gave to 

 both Cabral and Pimentel. seats in the Cabinet. 

 SAXE, the name of four German States, 

 one grand-duchy and three duchies. Reign- 

 ing princes, Grand-duke Karl Albert, of S.- 

 Weimar, bora June 24, 1818, succeeded his 

 father July 8, 1853 ; Duke Bernhard I., of 

 S".-Meiningen, born December 17, 1800, suc- 

 ceeded his father December 24, 1803; Duke 

 Ernst I., of S.-Altenburg, born . September 

 16, 1826, succeeded his father August 3, 

 1 1853 ; Duke Ernst II., of S.-Coburg-Gotha, 

 born June 21, 1844. In each of the four States, 

 the legislative power is vested in a Diet, com- 

 posed of representatives of the nobility, the 

 towns, and the rural districts. The duchy of 

 Coburg-Gotha has two Diets, one for Coburg 

 and one for Gotha. The statistics of the four 

 States are given in the following table : 



SAXONY, a kingdom in Germany. King, 

 Johann I., bora December 12, 1801 ; succeeded 

 his brother Friedrich August II., on August 9, 

 1854. Heir apparent, Albert, bora April 23, 

 1828. The present Constitution dates from 

 September 4, 1831, but has been modified by 

 laws of March 31, 1849 ; May 5, 1851 ; Novem- 

 ber 27, 1860; October 19, 1861. The Parlia- 

 ment consists of two Chambers. The upper 

 Chamber comprises the princes of the royal 

 house, the proprietors of eight baronial do- 

 mains, twelve deputies of the nobility, ten 

 noblemen appointed by the King, the burgo- 

 master of eight towns, the superintendents and 

 deputies of five collegiate institutions, of the 

 University of Leipsic, and the Roman Catholic 

 Chapter of Bautzen. The lower Chamber con- 

 sists of deputies, separately chosen by the land- 

 ed proprietors, the towns, the peasants, besides 

 five representatives of commerce and manufac- 

 turing industry. The area of. the kingdom is 

 6,777 square miles. The population, in 1864, was 

 2,343,994, of whom 2,279,882 were Lutherans, 

 47,441 Roman Catholics, 5,239 Reformed, 1,708 

 German Catholics, 357 Anglicans, 599 mem- 

 bers of the Greek Church, 1,964 Israelites, 2 

 Mohammedans. The capital, Dresden, had 

 145,728, and Leipsic 85,394 inhabitants. The 

 annual revenue is estimated in the "Budget," 

 for the financial period of 1864: to 1866, 13,658,- 

 984thalers; the annual expenditures at 13,648,- 

 984. The army numbers 25,396 men. The 

 Government of Saxony, during the years 1864 

 and 1865, took an active part in German pol- 

 itics, and was, in the Federal Diet, together 

 with Bavaria, the leader of the minor States, in 



their opposition against the policy pursued by 

 Austria and Prussia, in the Schleswig-Holstein 

 question. 



SCHAUMBURG-LIPPE. a German principal- 

 ity. Prince, Adolf, born August 1, 1817 ; suc- 

 ceeded his father November 21, 1860. Heir ap- 

 parent, Prince Georg, born October, 1846. Area, 

 212 square miles. Population in 1864, 31,382. 

 The Diet is composed of all the noble landed 

 proprietors, four deputies of towns, and six of 

 rural districts. Its functions are merely con- 

 sultative. The capital, Buckeburg, has 4,294 

 inhabitants. The annual revenue is about 228,- 

 000, thalers. To the Federal army this princi- 

 pality has to furnish a contingent of 516 men. 

 SCHIMMELFENNIG, ALEXATTDEB, Brig- 

 adier-General U. S. volunteers, born in Ger- 

 many in 1824; died at Minersville, near Read- 

 ing, Pennsylvania, September 7, 1865. He was 

 an officer under Kossuth in the Hungarian 

 revolt. At the breaking out of the war 

 he was appointed colonel of a Pennsylvania 

 regiment, and served under General Sigel dur- 

 ing the Virginia campaign of General Pope. 

 He was nominated a brigadier-general for his 

 services at Bull Run, in November, 1862, but 

 not being confirmed, was renominated in Jan- 

 uary, 1863, and confirmed in the March follow- 

 ing, his commission being dated back to the 

 first nomination. At Chancellorsville, he com- 

 manded the first brigade of General Shurz's 

 division of General Howard's Eleventh Corps, 

 and was at Gettysburg with the same com- 

 mand. In February, 1864, he was sent to St. 

 John's Island, and thence crossed to James 

 Island. General Schimmelfennig's forces 

 were the first to enter Charleston, February 

 18, 1865, when flanked by General Sherman. 

 For some time he remained in command of the 

 defences of the city, but was finally relieved 

 on account of ill health, the result of his expos- 

 ure during the war, and, retiring to his home 

 in Pennsylvania, rapidly sank under consump- 

 tion. 



SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN, two duchies, for- 

 merly united to the kingdom of Denmark, but 

 made over, by the treaty of Vienna, signed 

 October 30, 1864, to the Emperor of Austria 

 and the King of Prussia, the King of Denmark 

 " engaging to recognize the arrangement their 

 said Majesties shall make in respect to those 

 duchies." Area and population (according to 

 census of 1864) are as follows : 



Square miles. Population. 



Schleswig 8,704 



Holstein ... 8,255 



40G.4S6. 

 564,510. 



In the "Budget" of the year 1864 to 1865, 

 the revenue for Holstein was fixed at 9,000,750, 

 and that for Schleswig at 6,987,498 marks; the 

 expenditure for Holstein at 5,960,000, and that 

 for Schleswig at 4,974,224. In 1852 the im- 

 ports into Holstein were valued at 17,193,564 

 rix dollars, those into Schleswig at 9,804,794; 

 the exports from Holstein at 16,153,904, and 

 those from Schleswig at 4,571,681. 



The fate of the two duchies was, throughout 



