WORCESTER, JOSEPH E. 



the following day, the new archbishop wag 

 raised by the Sovereign Pontiff to the dignity 

 of Cardinal, by the title of St. Pudentia. Car- 

 dinal Wiseman was the seventh English Cardi- 

 nal since the Reformation. Violent opposition 

 was shown at first to this action of the Pontiff, 

 but it soon subsided. The Cardinal's talents 

 were of the highest order, and he was acknowl- 

 edged as one of the first scholars in Europe. 

 He was acquainted with most of the European 

 languages ; was well skilled in Hebrew and the 

 Oriental tongues; a great Biblical scholar, a 

 judicious critic, and a proficient in almost every 

 branch of science. His works were numerous. 

 Since his elevation to the cardinalate, three 

 volumes of his contributions to the "Dublin 

 Review " have been published, under the title 

 of "Essays on Various Subjects." He has also 

 written a tale entitled "Tabiola, or the Church 

 of the Catacombs," which has been translated 

 into several languages ; " Recollections of 

 the last Four Popes, and of Rome in their 

 Times " (1858) ; a volume embodying lectures, 

 sermons, and speeches delivered during a tour 

 in Ireland (1859); "Rome and the Catholic 

 Episcopate" (1862); "Essays on Rome, An- 

 cient and Modern ; " and a number of other 

 sermons, lectures, etc. In the autumn of 1858 

 he visited Ireland, where his journeys were so 

 many ovations, and his presence was hailed 

 with affectionate veneration and acclaim. 



WORCESTER, JOSEPH EMERSON, LL. D., an 

 American lexicographer, geographer, and statis- 

 tician, born in Bedford, 1ST. IL, August 24, 1784 ; 

 died at Cambridge, Mass., October 27, 1865. 

 He was the descendant of an old and influential 

 family which had lived at Hollis, N. H., since 

 1750. His early education was obtained chiefly 

 at Hollis, to which his parents removed soon 

 after his birth, and at Phillips' Academy, Ando- 

 ver, Mass. He graduated at Yale College in 

 1811, and for several years afterwards taught 

 school in Salem ; and while here, prepared the 

 greater part of his " Geographical Dictionary, 

 or Universal Gazetteer," published at Ando- 

 ver in 1817. The following year he published 

 his "Gazetteer of the United States" at the 

 same place. In 1819 he removed to Cambridge, 

 Mass., and the same year published his "Ele- 

 ments of Geography, Ancient and Modern;" 

 in 1820, "Epitome of Geography;" in 1823, 

 "Sketches of the Earth and its Inhabitants;" 

 and in 1826-'28, "Elements of History, Ancient 

 and Modern," " Epitome of History," and " Out- 



WURTEMBERG. 



825 



lines of Scripture Geography." Dr. Worces- 

 ter's first effort in the field of English lexicog- 

 raphy was "Johnson's English Dictionary as 

 improved by Todd, and abridged by Chalmers, 

 with Walker's Pronouncing Dictionary com- 

 bined," brought out in 1827, from which time 

 he devoted most of his attention to this depart- 

 ment of literature. In 1828, while engaged 

 upon his " Comprehensive Pronouncing and 

 Explanatory Dictionary," he was induced by 

 the publisher of " Webster's American Diction- 

 ary" to prepare an abridgment of that work. 

 From 1830 to 1831 he visited Europe, where 

 he collected many valuable philological and lexi- 

 cographical works. Subsequently he published 

 a "Universal and Critical Dictionary of the 

 English Language " (1846) ; a " Pronouncing, Ex- 

 planatory, and Synonymous Dictonary (1855) ; 

 "A Dictionary of the English Language," his 

 greatest work (1860); " Spelling-Book of the 

 English Language ;" and " Remarks on Longevi- 

 ty." He was also the literary editor of the 

 " American Almanac " from 1831 to 1843 in- 

 clusive. Dr. Worcester received the degree of 

 LL. D. from Brown University and from Dart- 

 mouth College, and was made a member of 

 most of the scientific and literary societies in 

 this country. 



WURTEMBERG, a kingdom in Germany. 

 King, Karl, born March 6, 1823 ; succeeded his 

 father June 25, 1864. The Constitution of 

 September 25, 1829, gives the legislative power 

 conjointly to the king and a Diet (Landtag), 

 consisting of two Chambers. The Upper Cham- 

 ber consists of the royal princes, the heads of 

 the principal noble families, and a number of 

 members appointed by the king for life (such 

 members not to exceed one-third of the house). 

 The second Chamber consists of 13 members of 

 the nobility ; 6 superintendents of the Protes- 

 tant Church; 1 Roman Catholic Bishop, and 

 two other representatives of Roman Catholic 

 bodies; the chancellor of the University of 

 Tubingen, and 71 deputies of towns and rural 

 districts. The area of the kingdom is 7,840 

 square miles. The population, in 1864, was 1,- 

 748,328, of whom 1,200,363 were Protestants; 

 2,661 Protestant dissenters; 533,694 Roman 

 Catholics; 4,610 Jews. The capital, Stutt- 

 gardt, contained, in 1864, 69,084 inhabitants. 

 The revenue for the financial period, from 1864 

 to 1867, was 51,226,785 florins ; surplus of rev- 

 enue over expenditures, 34,077 florins. The 

 army consists of 28,786 men. 



YTTRIUM, AXD THE SUPPOSED ERBIUM AXD 

 TERBIUM. M. 0. Popp has investigated (1864) 

 the rare earth, yttria ; and he is led to conclude 

 that the supposed bases, erbla and terbia, con- 

 tained along with yttria proper and with small 

 portions of the alkalies and lime in this mineral, 



are in reality identical with the oxides of cerium 

 and didymium. Carbonate of baryta, provid- 

 ing the cerium be present as a sesqui-oxide, 

 precipitates from solution all the bases except 

 yttria proper. The latter is obtained, after sep- 

 arate precipitation and ignition, in form of a 



