36 



ASTRONOMICAL PHENOMENA. 



II. Asteroids, 173; comets, 174; new the- 

 ory of , 174; nebula*, 175; stars, 176; refrac- 

 tion, 176. 



III. Progress of astronomy, 148; aste- 

 roids, 149 ; comets, 149 ; spectra of fixed stars, 

 150 ; sun and stars photometrically considered, 

 151 ; sun's distance from the earth, 152; mo- 

 tion of the sun in space, 154 ; constitution of 

 the sun, 154; heat of the sun's surface and 

 currents in the atmosphere, 155; zodiacal 

 light, 155; nebulae, 156; the Lalande prize, 

 156. 



V. The field of practical astronomy en- 

 larged, 91 ; general view, 92 ; measurement of 

 arcs of parallel and of meridian, 93 ; parallax 

 and distance of the sun and moon, 93 ; prepa- 

 ration for observing the transit of Venus in 

 1882, 93; asteroids, 94; Saturn, 95; satel- 

 lites, 95; the planetary system, 96; comets, 

 97; southern celestial hemisphere, 97; paral- 

 lax of minute stars, 97 ; Herschel's catalogue 

 of nebulae, etc., 98 ; nebula, 98 ; astronomical 

 works and memoirs, 99. 



VI. Progress in 1866, 40; the temporary 

 or variable star in Corona, 40 ; eccentricity of 

 the earth's orbit and its relations to glacial 

 epochs, 42 ; sun-spots, 42 ; spectra of some of 

 the fixed stars, the moon, and the planets, 43 ; 

 comets, 43 ; influence of the tidal wave on the 

 moon's motion, 44 ; zodiacal light, 44 ; nebu- 

 lae, 44 ; the force which prolongs the heat and 

 light of the sun and other fixed stars, 45 ; as- 

 teroids, 46 ; astro-photometer, 46 ; works and 

 memoirs, 46. 



VII. Interesting events of the year, 63; 

 meteoric shower, 63; Jupiter, 63; Mars, 63; 

 lunar crater Linne", 63 ; new map of the moon, 

 64; colors seen during a lunar eclipse, 65 ; the 

 evening glow and analogous phenomena, 65; 

 observations of Venus, 65 ; Mars in opposition, 

 66 ; orbits of comets and meteors, 67 ; Jupiter 

 without his satellites, 67; eccentricity of the 

 earth's orbit and its relation to the glacial 

 epoch, 68; researches on solar physics, 69; 

 the solar parallax, 70; chemical intensity of 

 total daylight, 70 ; changes of star-colors, 71 ; 

 comets of the year, 71 ; asteroids, 71 ; astro- 

 nomical works and memoirs, 71. 



VIII. The total solar eclipse, 44 ; efforts of 

 the French, English, and German Govern- 

 ments, 44 ; reports of observations of various 

 parties, 45 ; the Austrian expedition, 45 ; the 

 English expedition, 46 ; the North-German ex- 



pedition, 46; report of Commander Perrin, 

 47 ; do. of another commander, 47 ; the lunar 

 crater Linne, 47; other supposed changes in 

 the moon, 48 ; new variable spot on the moon's 

 surface, 48 ; heat given out by the moon, 49 ; 

 solar and planetary tables, 49 ; secular varia- 

 tions of the elements of the earth's orbit, 49 ; 

 distance of the sun, 50 ; asteroids, 50 ; obser- 

 vations of nebulae, 51 ; suspected change in a 

 nebula, 52 ; stellar spectra, 52 ; a new comet, 

 52 ; spectrum of comet II., 1868, 62 ; colors 

 of Saturn, 53 ; color of the moon and stars, 

 54 ; fall of rain as affected by the moon, 54 ; 

 the Melbourne telescope, 54. 



IX. Total eclipse of 1869, 37 ; observations 

 at Des Moines, 87, 88; at Burlington, Iowa, 

 by Prof. Young, 88, 80 ; by Prof. Pickering, 

 89; meteoric appearances observed by Prof. 

 Hines, 40; Dr. J. Gardner's account of his 

 experience in photographing the eclipse, 40 ; 

 observations at Shelbyville, Ky., 41 ; radiance 

 around the moon explained by Dr. B. A. Gould, 

 41 ; report of observations at Bristol, Tenn., 

 41, 42; observation at New York City, 42; 

 speculations upon the nature of the corona, 

 42 ; spectroscopic observations of the sun, 43 ; 

 vapor of water in the solar atmosphere, 44 ; 

 solar activity, 44; spectra of the stars, 44; 

 new theory of the universe, 44 ; nebular hy- 

 pothesis, 44 ; heat of the stars, 45 ; apparatus 

 for mapping stars, 46 ; asteroids, 46 ; new com- 

 ets, 46 ; "Winnecke's periodical comet, 46 ; 

 common origin of certain comets, 46 ; consti- 

 tution of comets, 47 ; prizes for the discovery 

 of comets, 48; radiation of heat from the 

 moon, 48 ; report of the lunar committee on 

 changes in the moon, 49 ; transits of Venus, 

 50 ; transit of Mercury, 50. 



X. Temperature and physical condition of 

 the sun, 38; sun-spots and magnetic storms, 

 39 ; terrestrial temperature and solar spots, 

 39 ; relations between the sun's altitude and 

 the chemical intensity of total daylight, 39 ; 

 table of results of observations according to 

 the sun's altitude, 40 ; spectrum, 40 ; the Kew 

 heliograph, 40 ; a solar phenomenon accounted 

 for, 41 ; photograph of a solar prominence, 

 41 ; solar prominences easily seen, 41 ; pink- 

 ish color of the sun, 42; utilizing the sun's 

 heat for motive power, 42 ; a solar engine, 42 ; 

 heat from the moon, 43 ; apparent changes in 

 the moon, 44 ; mean motion of the moon, 44 ; 

 lunar eclipse of July 12th, 45; the coming 



