CONGRESS, UNITED STATES (1874). 



147 



200 ; the provisions of the bill, 200 ; thesis of 

 the bill, 201 ; to give to whoever has his right 

 taken away from him the means of overriding 

 that state of hostile legislation, and of punish- 

 ing the man who takes that right away, 201 ; 

 who shall say this bill ought not to pass ? 201 ; 

 example of England, 201 ; many of us object to 

 the usurpation of authority by Congress over 

 matters that belong exclusively to the States, 

 202 ; objections to the bill, 202 ; the fourteenth 

 amendment, 202 ; comments of the courts on 

 this amendment, 203 ; a matter of State legisla- 

 tion, and Congress has no right to interfere, 

 203 ; will force white and black into the same 

 schools, 203 ; the entering wedge to absolute 

 control of education everywhere, 204 ; thi^ 

 question viewed in the light of humanity, prog- 

 ress, and civilization, 204; no power in the 

 Constitution to pass this measure, 204 ; mean- 

 ing of the fourteenth amendment, 205 ; the 

 proper remedies are the judgments of the 

 courts, 205 ; fourteenth amendment explained 

 by the courts, 206 ; prohibitions on the States, 

 206 ; further decisions, 207 ; the bill is inex- 

 pedient, 207; Federal interference against the 

 spirit of our system, 207 ; not a word in the 

 decision of the Supreme Court to cast a shadow 

 of doubt on the right of Congress to pass this 

 bill, 208; what were the cases in which the 

 courts decided? 208; simple statement of the 

 question, 208 ; what did the court hold ? 209 ; 

 extract from the decision, 209 ; doctrines of 

 the Slaughter-house cases, 210 ; difference be- 

 tween citizenship of the State and of the 

 United States, 210; the distinction is clear, 

 210 ; the bill is' to decide the civil status of the 

 colored citizen, 210 ; prejudice has prevented 

 this legislation, 211 ; how was it before the 

 war? 211; dealings with this question early 

 in the war, 211 ; boats on Chesapeake Bay, 

 211 ; how I got over my prejudices, 212 ; 

 conduct of the negro troops in battle, 212 ; 

 track of the charging column, 213; prejudice 

 gone, 213 ; the opposition of the people of the 

 South does not arise from prejudice, 213 ; 

 every one rejoices that the colored man is free, 

 213 ; the real objection to the bill, 214 ; this 

 bill will bring about an antagonism of races, 

 214 ; bill recommitted, 214. 



In the Senate, report of the Judiciary Com- 

 mittee on a civil-rights bill, 215 ; report, 215 ; 

 sections of the bill, 216 ; one purpose of the bill 

 to assert freedom from all discriminations be- 



fore the law, 216 ; applies to the white as well 

 as colored, 216 ; its application to public places, 

 216; one idea in the bill equality of races 

 before the law, 217; object to destroy distinc- 

 tions of race, 217; the General Government 

 has the right to legislate thus under three dif- 

 ferent grants of power, 218; views of the 

 Supreme Court, 218; how are we to protect 

 citizens of the United States in the States ? 218 ; 

 not one-third of the Senate, if untrammeled, 

 would vote for the bill, 219 ; the Government 

 one of delegated powers, 219; what is the 

 Constitution? 219; what are the amendments? 

 219 ; the power of Congress, 220 ; to make all 

 laws, etc., 220 ; meaning of " appropriate legis- 

 lation," 220; prohibition on the States, 220; 

 does this bill deal with any State law ? 221 ; 

 take the case of Louisiana, 222 ; this legislation 

 is in violation of the first principles of right, 

 222 ; action of the Senate on the bill, 222 ; do. 

 of the House, 222. 



In the Senate, the bill to restore the rights 

 of the State of Louisiana considered, 222 ; the 

 preamble states the facts, 222 ; first object to 

 establish the preamble, 223 ; the election, the 

 canvass of the votes, and the subsequent deter- 

 mination of Congress, 223 ; Congress has de- 

 clared that the Kellogg government never was 

 elected, 224 ; now, has Congress the power to 

 pass this bill for a new election, and is it ex- 

 pedient to exercise it ? 225 ; greatest danger to 

 free government from the usurpation of rulers, 

 225; if it is the vital element of republican 

 government that the rulers are chosen by the 

 people, the present government of Louisiana 

 is not republican, 225 ; what law is necessary 

 to confer on Louisiana a government chosen 

 by the people ? 226 ; what right can be dearer 

 to a people than the right of self-government ? 

 226 ; who is to decide whether the officers of a 

 State have been chosen by the people ? 226 ; 

 Congress has the power, 226 ; meaning of the 

 phrase "republican form" of government, 

 227 ; what does the word "form " mean ? 227 ; 

 nothing to require a written constitution, 228 ; 

 is there but one remedy where a republican 

 form of government has been overthrown? 

 228; Congress must prescribe the remedy in 

 Louisiana, 228; the Government has already 

 interfered, 228; the provision of the Consti- 

 tution, 229; the question of power, 229; the 

 great objection to the bill is its expediency, 

 229. 



