CONGRESS, UNITED STATES (1875). 



149 



eighty per cent, of greenbacks for every hun- 

 dred issued in hank-notes, 150 ; what addi- 

 tional bank currency will be called for in four 

 years ? 150 ; it will not be ten million dollars, 

 150 ; the bill does not tell whether the retired 

 greenbacks are to be poured out again, 150; 

 amendment proposed to receive legal tenders 

 in part for duties, 150; further amendment 

 moved to make duties payable in legal tenders 

 after July 1, 1875, 151; customs duties are 

 pledged for the payment of interest on 'the 

 public debt, 151 ; the bill disregards this pledge, 

 151 ; make the legal tenders good as coin, 151 ; 

 this bill is rather averse than favorable to re- 

 sumption, 152 ; amendment to the amendment 

 rejected, 152; the amendment rejected, 153; 

 other amendments offered and rejected, 153; 

 the construction of this bill, if it becomes a 

 law, belongs to another tribunal, 153 ; object 

 of those who introduced the bill twofold, 154; 

 how can we get back to specie payments ? 154 ; 

 motion to recommit the bill lost, 154 ; motion 

 to retire two million greenbacks monthly lost, 

 154; biU passed, 155. 



In the House, the bill reported, 155 ; passed, 

 155 ; message from the President on his ap- 

 proval of the bill, 156. 



In the House, a bill to protect all citizens in 

 their civil rights considered, 156 ; moved to 

 amend by striking out all in reference to pub- 

 lic schools, 156 ; the amendment, 157 ; no in- 

 tention to make social equality, 157; it is a 

 question of common right in a public convey- 

 ance, 157 ; a foolish prejudice on this matter, 

 157; why not make the individual who does 

 the injury responsible in damages? 157; two 

 reasons for going to the United States courts, 

 158; whatever right and power a State had 

 previous to the constitutional amendment it 

 still has, except in certain particulars, 158 ; the 

 bill is in harmony with the Constitution as 

 construed by the Supreme Court, 158 ; not in 

 the province of the States or the Federal Gov- 

 ernment to enforce constitutional guarantees, 

 159 ; there is a constitutional prohibition 

 against religious proscription, 159 ; the ques- 

 tion is clear, 160; the Federal Government 

 cannot go into the States to exercise legisla- 

 tive powers over the people, 160; no grant 

 of power in the amendment, 161 ; cases quoted, 

 161 ; decision of the Supreme Court, 162 ; the 

 court has decided that the rights and privileges 

 of citizens are left to the States for protection, 



163 ; no difficulty in any of the States on ac- 

 count of this bill, 163 ; the only trouble to- 

 day is that the colored man is so loyal to the 

 Government, 163 ; in South Carolina the re- 

 construction policy is not a failure, 163 ; social 

 aspect of this subject, 164 ; the passage of the 

 bill is a measure of justice and equity, 164 ; 

 reference to the public schools, 164 ; no part 

 of this bill so important as the school clause, 

 165 ; the great cry against the Southern peo- 

 ple is their ignorance, 165 ; upon this school 

 question we should be careful that we do not 

 inflict on the several States an injury that we 

 ought to avoid, 166 ; this is a question of equal 

 civil rights to all citizens, 166 ; it is said this 

 bill is intended as a stab at constitutional lib- 

 erty, 167 ; two kinds of opinion in the Kepub- 

 lican party on schools, 167; the amendment 

 agreed to, 167; preamble adopted, 167; bill 

 passed, 168. 



In the Senate, the above bill reported with- 

 out amendment, 168 ; what does the bill pro- 

 pose ? 168 ; to secure the fundamental rights 

 in the Constitution, 168 ; the Constitution is a 

 bill of rights, 168 ; what does the bill pro- 

 vide? 168 ; details, 168 ; bill passed, 169. 



In the House, the appropriation bill to de- 

 fray the expenses of the Government consid- 

 ered, 169 ; an amendment to increase the ap- 

 propriation to the Commissioner of Education 

 moved, 170 ; his office force too small, 170 ; 

 common-school systems in their infancy in 

 large portions of the Union, 170 ; proper func- 

 tions of the bureau, 170 ; two policies pre- 

 sented, 171; opposed to all this bureaucratic 

 system, 171 ; the powers of Congress, 171 ; not 

 simply a question of education, 171 ; you may 

 create a hundred bureaus of some value, 171 ; 

 no duty with respect to education is imposed 

 on Congress, 172 ; speech of the minister of 

 Spain, 172 ; opposed to the General Govern- 

 ment imposing upon the people any system of 

 education, 172 ; amendment rejected, 172. 



In the Senate, the bill for the government 

 of the District of Columbia being under con- 

 sideration, 172 ; object, that it introduced com- 

 pulsory education from the age of six to the 

 age of eighteen, 172 ; to be enforced by pun- 

 ishment of the child, 172 ; motion to strike 

 out, 173 ; child to be deprived of employment, 

 173 ; penalty of giving employment, 173 ; the 

 law with regard to manufacturers, 173 ; com- 

 pulsory education not a desirable thing, 174 ; 



