356 



PETERS, SAMUEL H. 



PHYSICAL FORCES. 



PETERS, SAMUEL H., political leader. XIII. 

 Obituary of, 580. 



PETIGRU, JAMES L. III. Birth, 740 ; death, 

 740 ; attachment to the Union, 740. 



PETROLEUM. I. Supply of the springs, 579 ; 

 how raised to the surface, 579 ; location of 

 springs, 579 ; decline in price, 579 ; exports 

 of, 580 ; Oil Creek, 580 ; probable duration of 

 the supply, 580 ; its uses, 580. 



IV. Nature and relations, 655; constitu- 

 ents, 656 ; general chemical character, 657 ; 

 use of rock-oil for illumination, 658 ; North 

 American oil-region, 659 ; Pennsylvania, 659 ; 

 West Virginia, 659 ; Ohio, 659; Canada West, 

 660 ; California, 660 ; New York, 661 ; Ken- 

 tucky, 661 ; geological relations of petroleum, 

 661, 662 ; cavities, 662 ; contents, 663 ; geo- 

 logical position of oil-rocks in different locali- 

 ties, 663 ; nature of the strata, 664 ; dip of 

 strata, 664 ; indications of petroleum, 665 ; gas- 

 springs, jets, 665 ; oil-springs, surface bitumen, 

 666 ; surface-oil, 666 ; show of oil, 666 ; salt- 

 water, 666 ; sinking of oil-wells, 667 ; qualities 

 of crude petroleum, 668 ; refining of petroleum, 

 669 ; separation into distinct products, 669 ; 

 varieties of color, 670 ; burning-oil, 670 ; dis- 

 tinction between Eastern and California oil, 

 670 ; purified oils, 671 ; uses of petroleum, 

 672; lubricating-oil, 672; capital invested, 

 672 ; paraffine, 672 ; naphtha, 672 ; residuum, 

 672 ; tax on petroleum, 673 ; commerce of pe- 

 troleum, 673 ; durability of the oil -supply, 673. 



V. Capital invested, 700 ; production and 

 export, 700 ; export from New York in 1862 

 -'65, 700 ; total export from the United States 

 in 1862-'65, 700. 



PETTIGREW, THOMAS J. V. Birth, 701 ; 

 cleath, 701. 



PFANDER, CARL GOTTLIEB. V. Birth, 791 ; 

 missionary labors, 701; works, 701; death, 

 701. 



PFYFFER, CASIMIR, a Swiss lawyer. XV. 

 Biographical sketch of, 627. 



PHELAN, MICHAEL. XI. Obituary of, 588. 



PHELPS, ABNER, M. D., physician, politician, 

 and author. XIII. Obituary of, 563. 



PHELPS, General. I. Commands first body 

 of troops sent to Ship Island, 291 ; arrival, 291 ; 

 landing, 291 ; issues a proclamation, 291 ; its 

 effect, 292. 



PHELPS, GEORGE D. XII. Obituary of, 

 '627. 



PHELPS, NOAH A. XII. Obituary of, 627. 



PHELPS, ZENAS MONTAGUE, A. M. XII. Obit- 

 uary, 622. 



PHILADELPHIA. XV. Its situation, 627; 

 first Continental Congress, 627 ; area, 627 ; 

 Chestnut Street, 627; chief business streets, 

 628 ; buildings, 628 ; Commercial Exchange, 

 628 ; American Sunday-school Union building, 

 629 ; Masonic Temple, 629 ; banks, 629 ; Con- 

 tinental Hotel, 629 ; Old Swedes' Church, 629 ; 

 other churches, 629; prominent objects of 

 historical interest, 630; Independence Hall, 

 630; United States Arsenal, 630; City Hall, 

 631 ; exhibition buildings, C31 ; Fine-Art Gal- 

 lery, 632 ; cemeteries, 632 ; bridges, 633 ; rail- 

 roads and steam-lines, 633; commerce, 633; 

 shipping, 633 ; wards, 633 ; courts, 633 ; be- 

 nevolent institutions, 634; reformatory insti- 

 tutions, 635 ; public schools, 685 ; colleges, 

 635 ; professors and departments, 636 ; Divini- 

 ty School, 637; medical colleges, 637; scien- 

 tific institutions, 637 ; Athenaeum, 637 ; libra- 

 ries, 637; theatres, 638; newspapers, 638; 

 church organization, 638. 



PHILBRICK, STEPHEN G., a venerable citizen. 

 XIII. Obituary of, 572. 



PHILIP, JOHN. VII. Birth and death, 623 ; 

 early life, 623 ; career as an artist, 623 ; prin- 

 cipal works, 623. 



PIIILIPPI. I. Its situation, 581 ; skirmish 

 at, 581 ; details, 581. 



PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. XII. Attempt at re- 

 Yolt, 742. 



PHILIPS, W1LLARD. XIII. Birth, 643; 

 death, 643 ; American jurist and author, 643. 



PHILLIPS, WILLIAM WIRT. V. Birth, 701 ; 

 pastoral and other labors, 701 ; death, 701. 



PHIPPEN, GEORGE, Baptist clergyman. XIII. 

 Obituary of, 567. 



PHOTOGRAPHY, CHROMO. VI. Experiments, 

 617; theory of Helmholtz confirmed, 617; ex- 

 periments of St. Victor, 617. 



XI. Novel method of printing, 628 ; sum- 

 mary of points, 628 ; how applied, 628. 



PHYSICAL FORCES. IV. Correctness of in- 

 vestigation, 674 ; philosophy of energy needed, 

 674; heat consists in the movements of the 

 atoms of matter, 674 ; a mode of motion, 674 ; 

 light a mode of motion, 674 ; electricity some 

 kind of molecular motion, 675 ; the antecedent 

 of electricity, 675 ; antagonisms in the molecu- 

 lar motions, 675 ; waves of perturbation, 675 ; 

 positive and negative waves of perturbation, 

 676 ; summary of the argument, 676 ; interest- 



