AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 



TO 



ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA. 



NEAGLE NEAT CATTLE. 



NEAGLE, JOHN (1799-1865), painter, was born 

 ;ii Boston, Nov. 4, IV'.i'.i. He was apprenticed to a 

 coach-painter in Philadelphia, and about 1818 began 

 to paint landscapes. In Isiy, h,' painted Patrick Lyon 

 the Blacksmith, and afterwards (iilbcrt Stuart, both 

 of which are now in the Boston Athemuum. He mar- 

 ried the daughter of the artist Thomas Sully, who gave 

 him much encouragement and help. He lived for u 

 time at New Orleans, but spent most of his life in 

 Philadelphia. AIUMH^ liis notable portraits are Wash- 

 . Henry Clay, Henry C. Carey. He died at 

 Philadelphia in 1865. 



NKAL, DAVID, an American-German artist, was 

 born at Lowell. Mass., in 1837. He went to Munich 

 I, and while studying there married the daugh- 

 ter of Chevalier Ainmuller. In 180'J he entered tin- 

 studio of Piloty, and afterwards devoted himself en- 

 tirely to figure-painting. Among his earlier works 

 were The Cha_pel of the Kings, Westminster AU>ey. 

 and The Interior of St. Marks, Venice. In IK7H his 

 noted painting, The First Mertinir of (jue.n Mary 

 Stuart and Uizzio, obtained the grand medal of the 

 Bavarian Academy. Among his other pictures art; 

 The Return from the Chase, James Watt, and several 

 portraits. 



NKAL, JOHH (1793-1876), author, was born at Port- 

 land, Maine, Aug. L'O, IV'.i:'.. After a varied experience 

 of Imsiness life He studied law, but decided to obtain 

 his living by his pen. In I si 7 he published his first 

 nnvel, Keej) Cool, and about the same time was dis- 

 owned by the Society of Friends, in which he had been 

 brought up. He published a volume of poems, a 

 tragedy, and wrote the /Iixtnry oftfie American Revo- 

 liii/nii, to which Paul Allen's name was prefixed. He 

 prepared an index to the . r )0 volumes of A//e' Register, 

 and wrote .S'"v/</i/-,SV.r and other novels. Going to 

 KiiL'land in isiM, he wrote for l{lncl;n:oo<r>i M<i</ir.in< 

 and other periodicals, and lived for a time with Ben- 

 iliain. Returning to A.merica in 1827, he settled at 

 1'ortland, and wrote diligently for the newspapers, 

 practised law, and taught sparring and fencing. He 

 L'.ivt! up his profe-.-ion in IS. VI. hut continued to write. 

 Hi; died at Portland, Me.. June L'o. 1*76. Among 

 >rks arc Brother Jonathan (isj-i); Rachrl /V< p 



(Is;*): lii-iitli'iin'x Montis tnl. I^'/i'slnlloii ' 



l-'.'tstfr* (1833) ; '1 rue \\'on,,in'lumd (]85<J), and 

 finally his Wandering Recollections of a Somewhtit 



/ /,//'.:(].-, 



NKAL, JOSKPII CI.AV (1807-1847), humorist, WM 

 born at Greenland, N. H., Feb. 3, 1807. His father 



Rep.). 



had been principal of a school in Philadelphia, and 

 after his death the family returned to that city. Joseph 

 became connected with newspapers, and in 1831 was 

 editor of the Pennst/lvanluH, which he conducted 

 for several years, until his health failed. He went 

 abroad in 1841, and in 1844 established Neafs 

 Saturday (!n-<-ttr. He died at Philadelphia, July 18, 

 1S47. To his papers he had contributed sketches 

 which were collected under the title, C harcoal Sketches, 

 or JScrnfx in a Metropolis (1837). These were 

 republished in London by Dickens. Neal also wrote 

 I'tn- l'lud<.lii (1S44), and a new series of Charcoal 

 Sketch*. 



NEAT CATTLE. What are called the "native 

 _ cattle " of the United States are of no 



Definite breed or strain, and are de- 

 scended from animals coming from 

 various parts of Europe. During the 

 colonial period settlers coming from different parts of 

 England naturally took with them the live-stock of their 

 own districts. The British Islands, even from early 

 times, had cattle of various types, although little pains 

 were taken to keep the breeds distinct, or to rear stock 

 having any special points of excellence. As a conse- 

 quence the importations to this country were of 

 varied character, and in many parts the stock assumed 

 a mongrel type. The Dutch carried to New York 

 their own excellent races of cattle ; the French took 

 theirs to Canada and Louisiana ; cattle of Spanish 

 breeds were imported to Texas, California, and Florida. 

 There were also importations made later of large, yel- 

 low cattle from Denmark. Such and so various were 

 the ancestors of the horned cattle of North America. 



But the methods and conditions of early American 

 agriculture had their effects on the live-stock kept in 

 the colonies. In New England the cattle were remark- 

 able for hardiness and for activity under the yoke, and 

 not a few cows possessed excellent milking qualities. 

 Tn this part of the country oxen are still largely em- 

 pjoyed for labor on farms. Throughout the lumbering 

 districts, both in the North-west and in the South, oxen 

 are much employed in drawing logs from the forests, 

 being serviceable in rough and roadless places where 

 tin- ten patient horse cannot be employed to advantage. 

 For like reasons oxen are also esteemed for work in 

 stone-quarries, and generally in mountainous districts. 

 In the Southern States many of the poorer class of 

 farmers employ steers, or even cows, for draught pur- 

 poses, often fastening a single animal by a rude harness 

 to the shafts of a little cart. Elsewhere oxen are com- 



