NEWARK NEWBURGH. 



21 



NEWARK, a city of Ohio, the county-seat of Lick- 

 ing co., is on the Licking River, 33 mile.- N. E. of 

 Colurubus, on the Baltimore and Ohio, the "Panhan- 

 dle," and other railroads. The North Fork of the 

 Licking is here crossed by four iron bridges. Newark 

 has a court-house, 5 hotels, 2 national banks, 1 other 

 bank, 2 daily and 4 weekly newspapers, 20 churches, 

 and 5 school-buildings, besides 2 commercial colleges. 

 The industries comprise 3 foundries, making stoves 

 and furnaces, 5 wagon-factories, 2 machine-shops, 4 

 flouring-mills. 3 planing- and woollen-mills. Newark, 

 one of the early settlements of Ohio, was incorporated 

 in 1826. It has a park, gas-, and water- works. Its 

 property is valued at $6,000,000, its public debt is 

 $125,000, and the public expenses $19,000 yearly. It 

 carries on a good trade in coal, grain, and live-stock. 

 The population in 1880 was 9600. 



NEW BEDFORD, a city and port of entry of Mas- 

 sachusetts, half-shire town of Bristol co. , is on the 

 estuary of Acushnet River, 3 miles from Buzzard's 

 Bay, 56 miles from Boston, and 31 from Providence. 

 It is the terminus of the New Bedford and Taunton 

 branch of Old Colony Railroad. The New Bedford 

 bridge, 4000 feet long, crosses the estuary to Fairha- 

 ven. It has a Doric granite city-hall, court-house, U. 

 S. government building, public library, 3 hotels, 5 

 national and 2 savings banks, 2 daily and 4 weekly 

 newspapers, 30 churches, a high-school, with fine build- 

 ing, and many public schools. Several of the churches 

 have fine edifices. New Bedford ranks third among 

 the American cities in cotton manufacture. There are 

 5 corporations, owning 12 mills, running 475,000 spin- 

 dles. There are also 2 foundries and manufactories of 

 twist-drills for boring metals, cordage, glass, silver- 

 plated ware, carriages, boots, and shoes. The whale- 

 fishery, BOOUBeaoed in 1755, was the principal pursuit 

 of the citizens for a century, but since its decline their 

 attention has been turned to manufactures. At one 

 time over 300 whaling vessels belonged to this port, but 

 the number is now reduced to 80. There are several 

 refineries of sperm and whale oil. New Bedford was 

 settled about I r,:,f > chiefly by Quakers. It was incor- 

 porated in 1787, and received a city charter in 1S47. 

 It was originally part of the town of Dartmouth, which 

 was incorporated in li'iC.4. The city is regularly laid 

 out, has gas- and water- works, and a park of seven 

 acres, and is noted for the elegance of its private resi- 

 dences. A broad drive of four miles around Clark's 

 Point leads to a strong U. 8. fort of granite. an<l com- 

 mands a fine view of the sea. The assessed valuation 

 of property is over 133,000,000; the public debt is 

 $1.250,000, and the vcarly expenses about $475,IHK). 

 The population of N.-w Hedford in 1880 was 2C..4S5, 

 and by the State census of !-,-:> it was 33,393. 



NKW IIEK.NE. a city and i>ort of entry of North 

 Carolina, the seat of Craven co.. N. C., is at the junc- 

 tion of the NYiise and Trent Rivers, on the Atlantic and 

 North Carolina Railroad, about 90 miles N. E. of Wij- 

 mington. The Neiise is here 2 miles wide, and navi- 

 gablc for steamboats. Across the Trent there is a 

 bridge half a mile long. New Berne has a court-house, 

 2 hotels, 2 banks (1 national), 2 daily and 3 weekly 

 newspapers, 15 churches, and 8 schools. There are 

 railroad-car-shops, limaeliine-shops, wood-pulp-factory, 

 eottonseed-oil-niills. "> saw-mills, and an oyster-canning 

 er-tal.li.-liment. New Berne was settled in 1710 by 

 Swiss immigrants, and was for a time capital of the 

 State. It ships early vegetables to the Northern mar- 

 kets. Its property is valued at $1,500, 000. The pop- 

 ulation in 1NHO wius oil:;. 



NEWBERRY, JOHN STIIONH, geologist, was born 

 at N\'in<!>'.r. Conn.. Dee. 22. IS22. Two years later 

 hi.- father removed with hi.s family to Cayaoog* Falls, 

 Ohio. The son graduated at Western I!' serve Col- 

 lege in 1840. and at Cleveland Medical College in 1848. 

 Alter spending a ycr in Europe he began practice at 

 Cleveland in is.jl. His strong inclination for natural 

 .science led him to become assistant surgeon and geolo- 



gist of the U. S. Survey of Northern California and 

 Jregon in 1855. He also joined Lieut. Ives, in 1857, 

 in exploring the Colorado River for 500 miles from its 

 mouth, and in 1859, under Capt. Maconib, he com- 

 pleted the exploration of this river and its branches. 

 During the civil war Dr. Newberry was connected with 

 ;he U. S. Sanitary Commission, and directed its opera- 

 tions in the Mississippi Valley. In 1866 he was made 

 arofessor of geology in the School of Mines, Columbia 

 College, N. Y. While still holding this position he 

 was made, in 1869, State geologist of Ohio. Prof. 

 Newberry has been president of the American Associ- 

 ation for the Advancement of Science, and is connected 

 with the principal scientific societies of the country. 

 As a geologist and palaeontologist he holds a foremost 

 place. His publications include The Geology, Botany, 

 and Zoology of Northern California and Oregon; Ge- 

 ology of the Colorado Expedition; Geology of the 

 San Juan Expedition ; Reports of the Geological Sur- 

 vey of Ohio ; Iron Resources of the United States, and 

 other works on geology and palaeontology. 



NEW BRITAIN, a city of Connecticut, in Hartford 

 co. , is on the New York and New England Railroad, 

 102 miles from New York and 8 miles from Hartford, 

 with which it is connected by a branch of New York, 

 New Haven, and Hartford Railroad. It has handsome 

 streets and residences, and two parks, the larger con- 

 taining 40 acres, and a good supply of water from a 

 reservoir of 175 acres. There are 2 national banks, 1 

 savings bank, 1 daily and 5 weekly newspapers, 10 

 churches, and 13 public school-buildings. The high 

 school, State normal school, State armory, Masonic 

 temple, and institute library are fine buildings. The 

 manufactures are builders' hardware, cutlery, hooks 

 and eyes, harness-trimmings, knit-goods, hosiery, etc. 

 Settled in 1634, it was originally part of Farmington, 

 and was incorporated as a city in 1872. In 1880 the 

 population of the city was 11,800, and of the townships 

 13,979. 



NEW BRUNSWICK, a city of New Jersey, county- 

 seat of Middlesex co. , is at the head of navigation on 

 the Raritan River, 33 miles S. W. of New York, on 

 the New York division of the Pennsylvania Railroad. 

 It is the terminus of the Delaware and Raritan Canal, 

 which is 75 feet wide and 7 feet deep. Besides the 

 court-house and county buildings, it has a city hospital, 

 orphans' home, a free library, 4 large hotels, an opera- 

 house, a Masonic hall, 2 national banks, a savings 

 bank, a Catholic cathedral, 17 churches, 4 weekly and 

 3 daily newspapers. It is noted for its educational 

 facilities, being the seat of Rutgers College, which was 

 founded in 1771, and is under the patronage of the 

 Reformed Church. Connected with it is the theological 

 seminary of that denomination, an observatory, and a 

 State agricultural college, with a model farm of 100 

 acres. The industrial establishments comprise 3 iron- 

 foundries, a brass-foundry, and manufactories of India- 

 rubber, hosiery, paper, shoes, lamps, bronzes, fruit- 

 jars, needles, paper-boxes, carriages, doors, sash and 

 blinds. The town site rises rapidly from the river. It 

 is lighted with gas and electricity, and has water-works. 

 The municipal debt is $1,516,000, and the annual 

 expenses in recent years exceed $400,000. The town 

 was settled in 1681, and received its first charter in 

 1730, but the present charter dates from 1784. The 

 population in 1880 was 17,166. 



NEWBURGH, a city of New York, the seat of 

 Orange co., is situated on the W. bank of the Hudson 

 River, 60 miles N. of New York and 83 miles S. of 

 Albany, 41 20' N. lat. and 74 W. long. In front, for 

 about 8 miles, the river is H mile wide and from 30 to 

 60 feet deep. This body of water, known as New- 

 burgh Bay, ft protected by mountains, which form a 

 semicircle. The city, as it recedes from the river- 

 front, rises in terraces until a height of 300 feet is 

 reached. Here on a plateau are the finest residences, 

 while the whole furnishes an attractive view from the 

 river The New York Central and the New York and 



