NEW HAVEN. 



23 



State Institutions. The State prison is situated in 

 Concord and has 13'? inmates. They are employed in 

 the manufacture of bedsteads under a contract. The 

 expenses of the prison exceed the earnings by about 

 $25(Kl annually. The Industrial School (formerly 

 State Reform School) is situated in Manchester and is 

 intended for the reformation and instruction of ju- 

 venile and female offenders, in which design it has 

 been fairly successful. The number of inmates in 

 1886 was 112. The Asylum for the Insane has been 

 from its inception growing yearly in extent and value. 

 The number of patients in April, 1886, was 317, of 

 whom nearly three-fifths were females. 



Industry. A new and productive employment has 

 grown up in New Hampshire, to large dimensions, 

 within a few years past. This is the entertainment 

 of "summer visitors," who resort thither for health 

 or pleasure. For this purpose not only all available 

 points on the sixteen miles of sea-coast, but a multi- 

 tude of airy and commanding positions among the 

 mountains and around the lakes are covered with 

 hotels and boarding-houses, which are kept open be- 

 tween June and October and are thronged during 

 July and August and a part of September. It is, of 

 course, the cnl atmosphere and the fine scenery that 



been asserted early in the last century, but was 

 doubted, mainly on the ground that no action was 

 known to have been taken or attempted under it. 

 New Hampshire is doing much for the preservation 

 of the materials of her early history. There have 

 been already published fifteen volume's of her MS. 

 records, eight of province and State papers, four of 

 town papers and three of revolutionary records, and 

 more are to follow. The Legislature has also made 

 appropriation to procure copies of the documents 

 in the British archives illustrative of her early 

 history. (c. H. B.) 



NEW HAVEN, the largest city of Connecticut 

 v , YVIr and county-seat of New Haven co., is 



f M4 1 in 4os on a sandv P lail ! at the head of New 

 Haven harbor, into which the small 

 rivers Ouinnipiac, Mill, and West flow. 



p. 394 (p. 

 Am. Rep.) 



It is 74 miles N. E. of New York, on the New York, 

 New Haven, and Hartford, and the Shore Line. 

 There are three railroads to Boston and three other 

 railroads. Across the rivers are several bridges, the 

 largest being that over the Quinnipiac near its mouth. 

 The city is now co-extensive with the original " town," 

 but each has its own administration. On the public 

 green of 16 acres, in the centre of the city, stands the 



offer such attractions to visitors, and these fully com- building used as a state-house down to 1873, while New 

 pensate the inhabitants for their rough and sterile | Haven was, jointly with Hartford, the capital of the 

 soil. The agriculture of New Hampshire had fallen , State. Opposite the green is the city-hall, an imposing 

 to a low ebb. In raising cereals she could not com- ; structure, the county court-house, the U. S. govern- 

 pete with the States and Territories of the West, j nient building, and various churches. Other important 

 whose easily-grown products were transported to the ; buildings are those of Yale College (q. v.) and the 

 sea-board at the lowest rate of expense. A small Sheffield Scientific School, the hospital, two orphans' 

 number of farmers in the vicinity of the cities and 

 larger towns could supply the markets with other 

 products which brought in a fair return, but consider- 

 able quantities of outland, which had once been cul- 

 tivated, had been abandoned to weeds and bushes. 



Now 



asylums, the public high-school, and the Hopkins 

 Grammar School. There are altogether 34 schools, 

 61 churches, 7 national banks, 3 savings banks, and 3 

 other banks. Seven daily and 10 weekly newspapers 

 are published here. Of the more important publica- 

 tions SiUiman'g Jmiriuil of Science is famous in its 



that the summer hotels and boarding-houses 



have become so numerous, and even hundreds of far- department, and the New Ilnglander is of high repute 

 mere' houses are filled with boarders, the demand for as a literary periodical. 



the products of agriculture is greatly increased and New Haven is largely engaged in manufacturing, 

 new encouragement is offered tor the cultivation of } According to the U. S. Census of 1880 it had alto- 

 the soil. A market is found at the fanner's door for I gether 587 manufacturing establishments, with a capi- 



.. 1 .. 1. . . L_ 1*1. ir _ i. _f it _ A_I _i* &i\ *rr*o ^o"r 1 .._ _ it it 1 J_ 1 1 



every esculent that he can raise. The effect of this 

 new industry cannot fail to be widely beneficial to the 

 State, and is already visible in the improved agricul- 



tal of $9,793,737, employing 15,156 hands, and produc- 

 ing to the value of $24,040,225 yearly. The chief 

 products are hardware, wire, locks, clocks, corsets, 



ture and general prosperity nf the inhabitants of cer- carriages, guns, pistols, rubber goods, paper, matches, 

 tain localities. No careful estimate has been made of furniture. The harbor is shallow, yet a large coasting 



the value of this Im-inc-s. in a year, but it is safe to 

 say that it amounts to millions, and is still increasing, 

 with every prospect of continuing for an indefinite 

 period. 



IIutori/.As Belknap's Hixtory is referred to as 



trade is carried on, especially in coal and iron, but the 

 foreign trade, formerly extensive, has been transferred 

 in great measure to New York city. Long Wharf is 

 3480 feet in length ; the U. S. government has con- 

 structed a breakwater surmounted by a lighthouse. A 



several ancient documents have been discovered which 

 throw new light upon some of those transactions. 

 Belknap states that John Mason, the patentee of New 

 Hampshire, sent out at his own charges the first 



especially trustworthy in its account of the early trans- jetty has been built at the entrance of the harbor, 

 actions in New Hampshire, it is proper to state that j New Haven is finely laid out, and the streets are beau- 

 since the last issue of that valuable work, in 1831, tifully shaded with elms and other trees. _It is bounded 



on the north by two ranges of hills, terminating in the 

 East and West Rocks, which present precipitous faces 

 I towards the city. Besides the public green it has ten 



__. ._. _. small parks or squares, the Vale College Athletic 



colony which was planted there, at Little Harbor, in , grounds, and a private park. On the border of the 

 !''_:;. But recently-found evidence indicates that town is the picturesque East Rock Park, containing 

 David Thomson, the leading man of that colony, had 350 acres, which has been improved partly by the 

 himself obtained a grant of land and brought out the | liberal gifts of private citizens. On the highest part 

 colonists at the expense of three merchants of Ply- j of the rock stands a soldiers' monument, 125 feet 

 mouth in England, and though it is probable that high. The city is lighted with gas and well supplied 

 Mason was cognizant of the grant and adventure, yet with water. The assessed valuation of city property 

 that he expended no money in settling his American is $50,000,000, the public debt of town and city is 

 L'rants until six or seven years later. Belknap, and about $1,500,000, and the yearly expenses about 

 most other historians, represent that Mason's patents $950,000. 



gave him simply the ownership of the soil and no New Haven was settled in 1638 by wealthy London 

 authority to set up a government upon it. But merchants, who desired to found a colony to be gov- 

 in April, 1887, a copy of a patent was unearthed, I erned by Bible laws. This colony was united in 1662 



rrporting to have been issued by King Charles to that of Connecticut, but New Haven was recognized 

 _ * Ti^ 1 1 , T 1 ~\M I.I I 1 i? or It-^l ,. I' 1. ,-. C! ., * ^ , ... 4-il 1 U*7.4 T* maa in/W\f _ 



L, of England, to John Mason, dated in 1_635, 

 and confirming to him and his heirs the territory 

 of New Hampshire, and adding thereto the power of 

 government. The existence of this royal grant had 



as a capital of the State until 1874. It was incor- 

 porated as a city in 1784. Its population in 1880 was 

 62,882, but as the city bounds have since been en- 

 larged it now exceeds 77,000. 



