NKW LONDON NEWMAN. 



"equal liberties and pririWes mre secured to every 

 denomination of Christum." It has ever been "a 

 wminary ul" tru.- r. lu-ion and MM learning. ' I 'ally 



; . IV ! -!..- ..:! tl BOM -I'M tl" 



.' . I I::.-:. ,:..:;>. .-::'. B| IWJ1 : ! .:!-! 

 its curriculum. 



whole number of its graduates is about 6200. 

 Of this nuuilicr I:.'.'*) have become BUWtan < >f the 

 gospel. 4<i physicians, and a large Boaber entered 

 the legal profession. About 4ui have held high civil 

 office and 2.V have become professors. Space forbids 

 the enumeration of those who have held eoospioaoai 

 ptwitioiui from James M.eli- >n. the fourth I'roident 

 of tin- I'nited Slates, down through almo.-t e\cr.\ 

 other honorable office in tin- National and State gov- 

 ernmenis* 



At tl- last commencement of the college, .nine 20, 

 under the most auspicious oiroamsUaees, tin 

 I, I'.itton was inaugurated the twelfth 

 president of the > ..liege. (H. C. c.) 



NFAV I.OM'OY ;i i-ity of Connecticut, and half- 

 shire town ot' Now I/otidon eo.. is on the W. bank of 

 the Thames liivcr. three miles above Long Island 

 Sound, in 41 ." X. lat.. and 72 HI' W. lone. The 

 harU.r. avcra^im; tliirty feet deep, is (ine of the best 

 in the I'nited States. Ilie city is built on a declivity 

 partly occupied by granite rocks. Hailroads connect it 

 with New York. r.'o mile.- distant, and there is also 

 daily sti-amUiat communication. The New London 

 Northern Railroad has here a granite wharf, llli'i feet 

 long. The city has a court-house, a granite ciistom- 

 brown.-tone city-hall, fi national hanks. L' sav- 

 ings banks, 12 churches, a high-school and other 

 schools, a daily and a weeklv newspaper. The manu- 

 factures include woollen goods, cotton-gins, agnooltora] 

 iiiaehines, hardware, and sewing-silk. _ Fruit-canning 

 and cracker-baking are also carried on. The inhaliitatits 



rmerly interested in the whale-fishery, and now 

 in the seal and other fisheries. The I". S. navy-yard 

 i- on the K side of the Thames, above the city. Forts 

 Tnimbull and (iriswold were built for the defence of 

 the city, but are not effective now. New London was 

 settled in |r,4.">, though not so named until li'i.'iS. Dur- 

 ing the revolution many privateers were fitted out 



.nid Benedict Arnold captured and burn! it in 

 17M. In the war of 1S12 llccatur was long blockaded 

 in this harlH.r. The' vicinity has now become a popular 

 Minim- The population of New London in 



NK\\ MAN. UPWARD (1801-1876), an English 

 naturalist, was born at Hampstcad. May 13, 1801. 

 He was a member of the Society of Friends, which 

 his ancestors had joined at the time of its rise. He 

 became a printer in I/ondon, but his strong love of 

 natural history led him to devote much time to its 

 study. In Is;;;; he founded the Kntinnoloi/ical .!//./.;- 

 Uiich was ini-rired in the /'iitniiinfiii/ixt in ISJd. 

 He aUi established ti in 1st;, and to other 



: '-al> he was also a f're.jiient contributor on his 

 favorit \monir his works are Illxtoni ") 



(ion /<: !/:> fibtory <<f 



H); Intffl II" BtrdsHUMM 



try of Hriti'fh Hirdx ( I Hlil 1 ,) ; Britith 



Moth*(\M9) and' Hritith Huttirfliei (1871). He dii-d 



.June I'J. 1 



M \\ l'i: \M i- Wn i.i AM. an KiiL'li.-h author, 

 was born at I/nidon. .lune 'JT, !MI"). beini: a yoiinper 

 brother of Cardinal Newman. Educated at FaliiiL- 

 and at Worcester College. Oxford, he graduated 

 in I M'f, . ., ,|,,,ible Hi i [,. was fellow of Halliol 



until |.v;o. when he re-ifiied, because unable < 

 tionsly tosi-ii the Thirty-nine Articles for the Ma-i.-r's 

 degree. He had been trained as an Kvanirelical. bill 

 gTadnally divert'inir in an oppositi. direction to thai 

 which his brother had taken, he became a rationalist 



-lit Hall v hi in ply a dc :-l lli> cliaiit'e of vie\\> i> 

 .-t f.,rth in lii- / J /I<M of Faith (Is'.u). with which 

 may be compared hi.- previous work, Th< ,S'u/, iti Sor 



rotr* and Atpimtiani (1849), and a later one on 7'A. 

 itm. Doctrinal and fVacrtba/ (1858). After leavinv 

 Uzfonl he >pi-nt three year- in travel in the Kast. and 

 mi his return U-eame classical tutor in l!ri.-tol Ciplle^c 

 He held a similar position in Manchester New College. 



. and wa.- afterward* professor of I^atin in 

 I'niversity I'olh'pe until iM'i.'i. Amonir his numerous 

 publications are I/inlmy i/ l/i- //././.<- Mnniirrhii 

 UslTl; OontraMl >!' .lr/'./ unit M< nil rn Ilixloni 



K,<,iil /.'.,;/!.' (is:, j) ; A'.</W! lusli'tiillo.. 



(l-i'.M; .Mixfillnniis. Academical uml 

 Hutoncal (I si', 1 .'): /.'/-../ of <!< \mr t'ut,<r> (1S7 1). 

 lie also translated the <lil,* \' Horace and the ll!n<l 

 of Homer in unrhyuied metre, the choice of which he 

 del'ende 1 in a subsequent treatise on Homeric transla- 

 tion. Among his philological works are essays on the 

 languages of ancient Italy, a hand bouk of modern 

 Arabic, and an Bngtish-Ambte dictionary. Other pub- 

 lications were diseiishions of public events and social 



c|iie.-tions of the time. 



NFAVMAN. .loiiN HKXKV, Cardinal, was born in 

 imlon. Feb. 21, _ 1801. The son of a banker, he was 

 educated at Kalinp School. His marki'il relipioiis 

 temperament led him at first to accept the vi. 

 the I !\ angelical whool. whose spirituality had been 

 quickened by the Methodist movement. Havinir en 

 tcred Trinity College. Oxford, he graduated in Isjn. 

 and soon came in contact with IV. (afterwards Arch 

 bishop) Whately, who. as Newnrin says, "opened Uiy 

 mind and tugni me to think and to use my reason. 

 \\ "hately, when made principal of St. Allan's Hall in 

 \^-'i. showed his esteem tor Newman by ap|x>intiiig 

 him vice-principal. Hut the place was given up in the 

 next year, when he was elected fellow of Oriel College. 

 In 1S28 he was made incuml>cnt of the Church of St. 

 Mary the Virpin, at Oxford. Through Hurrell Fruude 

 he formed a liicndshiii with Keble. who had )iublishcd 

 his CtrutM )'""' in lM'7. Having jiarted from the 

 Evangelicals. Newman turned to the study of the 

 Church Fathers. His Grst literary work was The 

 riiuix of tin Fourth Cnitury (1833), a history which 

 grew out of a call to write an account of the Council 

 of Nieii-a. His health beinp impaired by the labor, he 

 made a visit U)_ the shores of (lie Mediterranean, and 

 durintr his stay in Rome called on llev. Dr. (afterwards 

 Cardinal) Wiseman. When he returned the Oxford 

 movement had been inaupuratcd by Keble's sermon on 

 "National Apostasy " Newman at once began the 

 publication of the Trnctx for thr Tina*, to set forth 

 what he maintained as Anglican doctrine, and to estab- 

 lish its historical basis. In a few months Hev. I>r. F. 

 H. I'usey (see BlIOTOLOPJCDIA HlilTANMCA) joined in 

 the new movement, and his ability, learning, mid 

 prominence gave it such a powerful impulse that it 

 received his name. He, as well as others, contributed 

 to the Tract*, whose publication extended over seven 

 years, yet Newman remained the chief author and re- 

 sponsible editor. Following 1'usey's ad\ ice and exam- 

 ple, he engaged also in the preparation of more elabo- 

 rate works, the first of which was Tin- I'm/iln-tini/ 

 Otli,; of tin Clniri-li. Vini-i'l Ilil'ilii-ih/ to lioniiniifiii 

 iniil I'ooulnr I'rotmtntitisin (ls:!('i). The Church of 

 England was held to be identical throughout its history 

 and to furnish in modern times the sate \'in Mnlin. 

 Next ajipeared his />.*( // on .liixtitii-ntimi (1S.'!7), in 

 which he controverted Luther's fundamental doctrine 

 of justification by faith alone. In his I'ltin-rsitu Sn-- 

 mont the Church was exhibited a- a divine institution. 

 "the source of all spiritual power and jurisdiction and 

 the channel of all grace." From Is. Is to]SH New- 

 man was also editor of the Itrttish i\!t!c. a monthly 

 .ne which upheld these view.-, though not to the 

 exclusion id' other topic-. In Is.'.s liishop Hagot, of 

 Oxford, in his charire made some animadver.-iun- on 

 -Is. who-e Homeward tendi m-y was now plain. 

 Newman at once ottered to Mop them, but was not 

 then required to do MI. At la-l. in ls||. Tract \'o. '.K) 

 explained the Thiiiy nine Articles so as to remove all 



