to 



XKW MKXICO-NKW OKI. i:\.\S 



matt than located and defined confirmed expressly by 



T&PneMo Indian- in iiumlirr. occupy 19 



villayr*. and own nearly !.'"" land, they 



have herds of bones ail c.iitl.- flocks ..t 



!.u area*, and rie wheat, barley. oat- 

 fruit, and vegetables. They are steadily UnproTllw in 

 (heir manner of tiring : leavim; the villages and settling 

 on their individual farm-. mtndMiog modern agricul- 

 tural implements and adopting tin- American dress. 

 TV Na\.i.i"* numtxT L'.'.IK"! and occupy over 

 8,000,000 acre*. They arc self sustaining, but depend 

 ii|xm tlif Nile nl' horse.- :iinl wiHil. cultivating Imt little 

 They have nut advanced materially in civiliza- 

 tion. The .Mescalero Apaclies iminlicr li -..- thu'600 

 and occupy nearly half a million acre- of laud They 

 are making commendable progress. The Jicarilla 

 Apaches have in ls*s l*-cn located near Amargo, on a 

 reservation embracing 7.V>00 acres. The tribe has a 

 population of '.nut. and under suitable control and 

 guidance will become useful members of society. 



M. \ic.in imputation in the Territory exceeds 

 100,000. They engage in mining, stock -raising, and 

 farming. The wealthier class are well educated and 

 vie with the progressive Americans in public enter- 

 prisea. Thepoorer classes are steadily improving their 

 condition. The owning of markets lor their products 

 has increased the raising of vegetables IINHI percent 

 in the past five years. This increased income has ena- 

 bled them to improve their stin-k, the furniture of their 

 homes, and the quality of their clothing. 



Water ditches have been < structed in Laos, Col- 

 fax, Lincoln. San Juan, and Mora counties, which have 

 materially increased the area of productive land. 

 Large ditches are contemplated in different parts of 

 the Territory, and if capital lor their construction is 

 secured, immense bodies of fertile land will be open to 

 successful occupancy. 



The debt of the Territory is about 70 cents r>er cap- 

 ita, which is less than that of any State or Territory in 

 tin- 1'iiion. 



During the years 1884-88 the annual production of 

 gold has increased 20O per cent . and that of silver 30 

 l-cr cent. : the government has dis|>osed of nearly one 

 million acres of land to settlers, and the area of agri- 

 cultural products has been increased as follows: corn 

 3331 acres, wheat 16,649, oats 3889, barley 500. pota- 

 toes 600, hay 16,300. 



The public school system, owing to the small amount 

 realized from taxes, imperfect administration, and de- 

 fective laws, is in a backward condition. The mass of 

 the people are, however, awakening to the necessity 

 of popular education, and in a short time will frame 

 their desires in suitable Icgi-lative action. Purinir tin- 

 years 1883-8 at lca-t I" public schi Mil-houses have been 

 built, a few of which are creditable structures. The 

 UWB are administered with more rigor, and a larger 

 proportion of the money actually raised is honestly 

 expended. Boarding- and day-schools under private 

 au-piccs have increased greatly. 



The Indian children are now instructed in 1 board- 

 ing- and several day-schools under the control of the 

 Interior department of the government ; in '2 boarding- 

 and 8 day-schools conducted by orders connected with 

 the Roman Catholic Church i; in 1 boarding- and 4 day- 

 schools under the Home Mission Board of the Presby- 

 terian Church : and in 1 boarding-school controlled by 

 the American Missionary Association. 



The youth- of the Mexican population are cared for 

 in 3 boarding- and 17 day-schools under the Home 

 Mission I'.o.ird of the I're-byterian Church ; in 4 day- 

 school-, under the New Wi -t Kdueatimial Commission ; 

 jn 1 boarding school under the Methodist Church, and 

 in several day-whooN under the Roman Catholic 

 Couch. In sonic of these the public money pays part 

 of the CXIK-IIM. A school for deaf-mutes h'as r 

 been established. 



There are several academies and colleges under the 



auspi.vs of religious denomination-), but the -Undard 

 is low. They are doing good work, however, and gain- 

 ing ground every 



In numlhTs. wealth, and influence the Itoman Cath- 

 olic Church leads all the religious organizations in the 

 Territory. Durinir ill- i[ lias displayed 



coinmcn lablc activity in crcciinir line church edilices 

 and in establishing schools and hospitals The .le>nit- 

 are in .sinn it force, and the Christian Itrothcr-. the 

 Sisters of Loretto, and the Sisters of Charity and other 

 orders are represented. Some of tin- orders own ex- 

 tensive ranches, gardens, and fruit orch ml-, and secure 

 a large income bv the s.de of their products and in the 

 manuf.ictiire of tine wines and brairl 



The 1'resbyteri.ins. the Methodist.-, the CongreM- 

 tionali-t-. the liaptists. the Kpiscopalians. an-1 the 

 Lutheran- have eliurchiv- in nearly every town in the 



Territory. They ha vee van tching and work- 



ing from vill.iiri! to village and from house to house. 

 and arc incrcasinir steadily and rapidly. 



The only Vouiii; Men's Christian Association in the 

 Territory is located at Alhtii|iicr<iue. The Women's 

 Christian Temperance 1'nion has urir inizations in every 

 large town. A Father Mat hew teuiperance society is 

 also doing go rl work. Civic societies are represented 

 in M .-iinry. Odd Fellowship. C.ood Templars. Knights 

 of Pythias, (irand Army of the Republic, Woman's 

 Relief Corps. American Order Tinted Workmen. 

 Henai Berith, Ancient Order of Hilcniiaiis, Catholic 

 Knights of America, and Knights of Ijabor. 



In the larger towns are regular city governments, 

 gas-works, water-works, clectric-light-works. street 

 railroads, and telephone exchanges. Seven daily and 

 over twenty newspapers arc published in the Territory. 



(a. w. D. B-.) 



XKW OKLKVXS. the metropolis of Louisiana. 

 < vi VVM "'I 1 ' 1 '' 1 I'-' 1 ' I'.v tlie I'. S. ceii-ns of issn 



V,-> ;.,','; a population of J 1 1',. p.m. wa- estimated 

 " by the State Board of Health to have, 

 in !>>*, 2ts.(KK>. of whom ISIMHKI 

 were white and 68, oo > colored. The disproportion of 

 Km ha-s lccn steadily increasing for some years ; in 

 ISMI the e\,v- of females was I !.:;!* : in ]>>S it had 

 grown to 18,623. The race mixture in the population 

 is great, giving the city a very cosmopolitan appear- 

 ance. Ot people of Anglo-American blood there arc 

 but 43,124, or about one sixth of the total ; the French 

 and Creoles idesccn hints of the original French settler-) 

 Bomber 41,720; the (ii'rmans and their descendants, 

 40,346; the Irish. :i7.n:;2; Spaniards and Spanish 

 Creoles from M -xi.-.i. Cub.i. and South America, 6147 : 

 Italians. I-_'L' . ; Jews, 4118; and other white races, 

 mainly Scandinavians, Poles. Hungarians, and Portu- 

 guese, 32S7. Of the colored or neirro population 

 L'l'.IoS are mulattoea or mestizoes, half or more than 

 half white, some of them being seven-eighths white, 

 but clxssea nevertheless as "negro" or "colored;" 

 and 44,612 are negroes, although a majority id' the 

 latter also contain some white or Indian blood. The 

 Indians and half-breed- number 42it. and the Chinese, 

 Malays, and other dark race-, sun. 



The French language, spoken generally by one-third 

 the population ten years ago, is disappearing, although 

 still Used by many. <iennan, Spanish, and Italian 

 survive in gOMnl use. The "Creole" or AtVi'-m 

 i'Veneh spoken by the negroes is now practically extinct. 



While the French and Creole influence which 

 formerly domin.itcd the city has latterly perceptibly 

 waned, Xew Orleans is still larirely French in its idea- 

 and custom-. The opera is a suiw.ss as it is nowhere 

 else in America ; the public holidays, as Mardi (i 

 and All Saints' day. when the graves aredecorated. arc 

 those handed down from the original French set i|. 

 and the social cu-toms and n-a^.-s are generally of 

 French or Creole oriirin instead of Kir.di-h or American. 

 Since t!: . \ ,\ < Means has 



escaped its liinner scmir-re. yellow fever, and has be- 

 come a far healthier city t ban formerly. The improve- 



