NEW YORK. 



41 



The first comprises hospitals and asylums for the in- 

 sane, institutions for the blind, deaf and dumb, disa- 

 bled soldiers and sailors, idiotic and feeble-miuded, and 

 houses of refuge and reformatories ; the second, 

 county and city poor-houses and aluis-houses, with 

 their infirmary and insane departments ; and the third, 

 orphan asylums and homes for the friendless, and spe- 

 cial and general hospitals and dispensaries." The ad- 

 ministration of out-door medical and other poor relief 

 devolves upon the local officers of the poor of the 

 various counties, cities, and towns, and the expense 

 of this mode of relief is levied and raised by tax as- 

 sessed upon these localities. The appraised value of 

 the property held for charitable and correctional pur- 

 poses, Oct. 1, 1887, was $53,742,535.58 as against 

 $52,138,192.45, as appraised Oct. 1, 1886, viz. : By 

 the State, $11,187,649.80; by counties. $2,751.894.86 ; 

 by cities, $4.34X.5(X) ; by incorporated benevolent asso- 

 ciations, $35,454,490.92. Their reported indebtedness 

 then was $3,191,097.97 as against $3,161,994.81, their 

 indebtedness Oct. 1,1X86. The reported total receipts 

 for charitable and correctional purposes in the State, 

 for the fiscal yearcndine Sept. 30, 18X7, were $13,635,- 

 30.5.95, uagmimt $13,362, 659.61, the receipts for the 

 previous year being an increase of $272,646.34, derived 

 mm the following sources: From the State, $1,412,- 

 '. ; from counties, $1,843,588.18; from cities, 

 $3,292,769.50; from individuals for the support and 

 <sire of inmates, $751,295.49; from contributions, do- 

 nations, and legacies. $1,558,934.72; from the income 

 on investments, $483.745.09 ; from all other sources, 

 $l.2'.i2.r,S9.o2. The reported total expenditures for 

 charitable and correctional purposes in the State for 

 the year ending Sept. 30, 1XX7, were $12,574,074.67, 

 as against $12,027,990.01, the expenditures for issi 1 ,. 

 or an increase ot $546,064.66. The number of bene- 

 ficiaries in the care of the various charitable and re- 

 formatory institutions of the State, Oct. 1, 1887, was 

 -16. 



Kliicatlon. The educational interests of the State 

 are in charge of the Board of Regents of the Univer- 

 sity, which i..is been in existence more than a century. 

 The regents are authorized to incorporate colleges and 

 academies, and have established uniform conditions on 

 which such incorporation is granted. They inspect the 

 academies of the State, prescribe rules for rendering 

 their returns, apportion the moneys annually distrib- 

 uted among them, and report to the Legislature the 

 statistical returns of colleges and academies, with STich 

 other information and recommendations as they may 

 deem proper. Since 1X44 they have been trustees, 

 ex-nflkiv, of the State Library, and since 1 845 trustees 

 of the State Museum of Natural Historv. They ap- 

 ]M)int, the librarians and assistants of the State library, 

 and the statF of the museum. They appoint the cx- 

 e -utive committee of the Slate Normal School at Al- 

 bany, in concurrence with the suj>crintendent of Public 

 Instruction, who is chairman by virtue of his office. 

 They are authorized to confer annually the degree of 

 M. D. upon four persons nominated by each of the 

 State Medical Societies, and may confer anv degree 

 above that of A. M. at their discretion. They are 

 also authorized to appoint boards of medical examin- 

 ere, and on their recommendation to confer the degree 

 of M. D. Under the rules for admission to the bar 

 they hold examinations and give certificates on subjects 

 required, as preliminary to legal studies. The super- 

 intendent of Public Instruction has the oversight of 

 the public schools. He also appoints State pupils to 

 the institutions for the instruction of the deaf and dumb 

 and the blind, and visits and inquires into the condi 

 tion and management of these institutions. He ap- 

 portions amon;.' tlic counties the number of pupils in 

 -' ate Normal School to which each is entitled, 

 lie ha- eharire of all the Indian schools in the State; 

 employs local agents to superintend them and visit 

 them, and directs concerning the erection and repairs 

 ol tlicir school-houses, and determines the branches of 



instruction to be pursued in the schools. Normal 

 schools are located in the following places : Albany, 

 Brockport, Buffalo, Cortland, Fredonia, Genesee, New 

 Paltz, Oswego, Potsdam, Oneonta. Laws have recently 

 been passed enlarging the powers of the superintend- 

 ent, and also requiring much more strict examinations 

 before diplomas are issued. Graduates of colleges and 

 dndred institutions are allowed diplomas without severe 

 examination. The superintendent has completed an 

 extensive work containing designs for cheap school- 

 douses ; and the book has been adopted by the com- 

 missioners of the National Bureau of Education. The 

 ncome for public schools in 1887 was $16,433,128. 

 Of this amount there was expended : For teachers' 

 wages, $9, 306,425 ; school-houses and sites, $2, 394,004 ; 

 ibraries and apparatus, $400,000. The number of 

 school districts is 12,072; teachers, 22,708; children 

 Between 5 and 21 years of age, 1,763,115; children 

 attending school, 1,037,812; log school-houses, 55; 

 frame school-houses, 10,128; prick school-houses, 

 1420; stone school-houses, 363. Total number of 

 school-houses, 11,966. 



Militia. The military code provides that the "ag- 

 gregate force" of the National Guards "in times of 

 peace, fully armed, uniformed and equipped, shall not 

 be less than 10,000 and not over 15,000 enlisted men." 

 In 1887 the force consisted of 726 officers and 11,909 

 enlisted men, aggregating 12,635. The aggregate now 

 approximates 13,001) officers and enlisted men. The 

 inspector-general reported that there were present at 

 the annual inspection and muster 10,444 officers and 

 enlisted men. There are 15 regiments, 1 battalion and 

 44 separate companies of infantry, and 5 batteries of 

 artillery, organized as 4 brigades. Armories and ar- 

 senals have been erected in the following places : Buf- 

 falo, Rochester, New York. Utica, Syracuse, Auburn, 

 Oswego, Watertown, Brooklyn, Newburgh, Kingston, 

 Binghamton, Troy, Flushing, Oneonta, Elmira, Wal- 

 ton. The following armories are now to be erected, 

 under recent acts of the Legislature : Saratoga Springs, 

 Mount Vernon, Hoosick Falls, Albany. The Reming- 

 ton rifle is still in use ; but it is likely to be superseded 

 with rifles of a smaller calibre, such as are used by the 

 U. S. army. A State camp of instruction has been 

 established at Peekskill, in which nearly half of the 

 militia are instructed every year. Recent reports show 

 that, in the civil war, the State of New Yo'k fur- 

 nished one-sixth of all the troops comprising the Union 

 army. During that war the State furnished 20 major- 

 generals and 97 brigadier-generals, and 65 New Yorkers 

 were brevetted major-generals, and 220 brigadier-gen- 

 erals of volunteers, and 1 1 5 received the U. S. medal 

 of honor for bravery and distinguished services in the 

 field. In the numbers brcycttcd only those who did 

 not obtain the full rank are included. 



Jitdicittry. In 1846 the present Supreme Court was 

 constituted to exercise the powers of the Supremo 

 Court, the Court of Chancery, and the Circuit Court, 

 as exercised at that time. This court has general juris- 

 diction in law and equity. There are 8 judicial districts, 

 each one of which has 5 justices, who are elective. 

 The district comprising New York city is entitled to 2 

 additional justices. The salary is from $6000 to $8500. 

 with an allowance of $1200 for expenses. General and 

 special terms of this court are held. The court of last 

 resort is known as the Court of Appeals, This consists 

 of 7 judges, elected by the whole people of the State, 

 one of whom shall be chief-justice. The salary is 

 $10,000, with $500 additional for the chief-judge. The 

 term of office in this court and the Supreme Court is 

 14 years, with disqualification at the age of 70. The 

 Court of Appeals has full power over all decisions of 

 the Supreme Court. A quorum is 5 judges, anil 4 

 must concur in order to pronounce a judgment. The 

 Legislature may advance any case from the Supreme 

 Court directly to the Court of Appeals. 



liiilians. There are 9 reservations controlled by the 

 State and occupied by Indians, of whom there are 



