\TUKIKS 



bolh by the ow,,, r \\ H. Brooks. The 

 U wer? removed in 1888 to tho Smith nl. 

 ry, 0oev.i N N They have served in the 



uoUttatie, N. Y., Vawar College Obscrvaton, 

 In + 41* 41' 18", long. 4 55- 33V6 W. Built in 

 1 1.4 in. Clark equatorial, 3}-in meridian BUole. 

 dock, chronometer, chronoitrajih . Miss Maria Mitchell 

 WM moneded u dim-tor by feu* M. \V. \VI,it.,-> ii, 

 >- 



/Vraorftm, N. J., Observatory of Princeton I mver- 

 MI\ coMMUnx of the observatory of the J. C. Green 

 School of Soeoce. lat + 40 SO 7 57". 8, long. 4 k 58" 

 S7*.6 W and the Halated Observatory- The J. C. 

 Green Observatory w s huilt in l-.T for in-tructio., in 

 practical astronomy, and contains a y}-in. Clark equa- 

 torial. 4-in. Fatah meridian circle. :; in. Fauth transit, 

 2j-in. Kahler tr.msit. Aycrigg transit mounted in tin- 

 prime vertical, besides clocks, chronometers, and sub- 

 sidiary apparatus. The Halsted Observatory has a 

 L'3-in. Clark equatorial (mounted in 1883), provided 

 with several large spectroscopes. Director, C. A. 

 Young. 



-Vfrnee, R. I., private observatory of F. E. Sea- 

 grave, laL + 41 49' 46". 4. long. 4" 45- 37M, W. ; 

 8l-in. Clark equatorial, with Browning spectroscope. 



Rochatfr. N. Y., Warner Observatory, lat. + 43 

 8' 15", long. 5 11" 20' W. Erected in 1879-^80 by 

 H. H. Warner; 16-in. Clark refractor, used mainly in 

 the search for new nebulas. Director, Lewis Swift. 



St. Louix, Mo.. Observatory of Washington Uni- 

 versity, lat. + 38 38' 3".6 long. 6* 0- 49'. 1 W. ; 6fc 

 in. Fitz equatorial, 2.6-in. Wurdeuiann transit, clocks, 

 .-|Hvtro8cope, photometer, etc. An extensive time- 

 service is maintained. Director, H. S. Pritphett 



San Jott, Cal., Observatory of the University of 

 the Pacific (1885) ; 6-in. Clark equatorial, Fauth tran- 

 sit Director, J. C. George. 



'i Eranstitii, 111.. Observatory of Dr. Marshall 

 I) F.well. built in 1886, 10.8 miles south of Chicago. 

 The instruments are a 6j-in. Clark equatorial, mounted 

 on a pier made of Portland cement and sand, a 2\-\n. 

 Troughton & Simms transit, a sidereal and a mean time 

 clock, and subsidiary apparatus. 



k Il'iillrt/, Mass., Observatory of Mount Holvoke 

 Seminary, lat 4- 42 15' J8".2. long. 4" 50" 20V3 W. ; 

 x-in. Clark equatorial, 3-in. Fauth meridian circle, 

 clock, and chronograph. The building and its equip- 

 ment cost about $10,000. 



Si/nictur, X Y., Observatory of the University of 

 Syracuse. Founded in 1887 ; 8-in. Clark equatorial, 

 .'{-in. Tronghton & Siuiius transit, clock, chronometer, 

 and chronograph. Director, J. H. French. 



Turryfoicn, X. Y., private observatory of C. II. 

 Rockwell, lat + 41 4' 21", lent 4" 55" 24'. 9 W. ; 

 tii-in. equatorial, object glass by Dr. C. 8. Hastings, 

 mounting by Byrne. An almucantar is used for de- 

 termining time. 



Tmy. X. Y.. Williams Proudfit Observatory, lat. + 

 42 43' 52", long. 4 k 54" 45' W. Attached to the 

 Renaaelaer Polytechnic Institute; 3.5-in. Fitz equa 

 torial, 2.5-in. Kubel transit, -in. Phelps & Gurley 

 transit, clocks, and chronometer. Director, Dascom 

 Greene. 



(7*inenitii of Virr/inin, Va., McCormick Obser- 

 vatory, Iat'+ 38 ? 1.2", long. 5 k 14" 5'. 2 W., near 

 Charlottettvillv. A small astronomical observatory was 

 built by Thomas .Jefferson in 1825, but no instruments 

 were mounted, ami tlie ImiMing was removed in 1855 

 or 1H56. The present observatory was built in 1883- 

 84 at a c<mt of about *7il.fHK). of which $64.000 was 

 the gift of Ijeandrr J. MeCunniek. A working fund 

 of $2.x'HI was given by W. H. Vamlerbilt, an<l ;in 

 eodowiaaal of ^.Vi.ixH) was 8iiberibcd by the alumni 

 of the university. In 1H82 Prof. Oruiond Stone was 

 (Jinx-tor, and the observatory was dedicated 

 Apr. 13. 1.S35. The principal instrument is a lit) -in. 

 Clark equatorial, used for fcbc study of feint ncbulao 



ami the observation of comet* and double stars. There 

 is also a 4-in. equatorial by Kahler and a 3-in. transit 



ith. 



' ir.M/,/v<, D. C., U. S. Naval Observatorv. lat. 

 + 38 53^38^.8, long. 5*8" l'f.<>:> W. Founded in 

 I > )_' liy act of Congress as a depot of charts and in 

 strumentH for the navy. Xnmen>ni efforts. beginnitiL' 

 in 1810, had Ix-en macle to obtain authority and tuniU 

 for a national observatory, but without success. In 

 1838 a series of observations was bepun by Lieut. .1. 

 M. (iillUs in a small observatory upon Capitol Hill, 

 ennneeted with the depot of charte, in co-operation 

 with the Wilkes expedition. These obscn'ations were 

 eoiitinued until 1842, when tin' sum of $25,000 was 

 appropriated for the erection of a more permanent 

 :iinl >uitable depot The building, as planned by 

 Lieut. Ciilliss, was completed in 1844. Additions were 

 made in 1847,184^. ISiiS. and ]s7:i. The followinir 

 in-truments have been in nse : 4. 1 in. Troughton & 

 Simins mural circle (mounted in Isll): .">.:! in. Krtel 

 transit (mounted in 1844, object-gla.-s n-.^roiind by 

 Clark in IStVJ) ; 4.'.i-in Piatora Martins prime vertical 

 transit (184;'>): '.i.t'i-ii Merz tt Mahler equatorial 

 (1845); 4-in. Utschneider \- Fraunliot'er comet -i-ccker : 

 3.8-in. Krtel meridian circle; I'l.iiin. Krtel refraction 

 circle; 8.5-in. Pistor & Martins transit circle (1 

 26-in. Clark equatorial (1873; cost, $46,000). Then- 

 are also 4 chronographs. 6 docks, chronometers, and 

 subsidiary apparatus, and the photoheliographs, tran- 

 sits, equatorials, ana other instruments used by the 

 American parties in observations of the transits of 

 Venus in Is74 and 1882 are stored here. The 2ii-in. 

 equatorial has been used principally in the measure- 

 ment of faint double stars and satellites and in observa- 

 tions for stellar parallase. With this instrument Prof. 

 Hall discovered in 1877 the two satellites of Mar- 

 The chronometers lor issue to naval vessels are rated 

 and tested in a suitably built mom in the observatory. 

 and an extensive time-service is maintained, involvim; 

 the automatic correction daily of alxmt 250 Gardner 

 clocks in the various government departments in A\ a^li- 

 in.L'ton and the dropping of time-palls at New York, 

 Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Hampton 

 Roads, Savannah, and Xew Orleans. Thirty quarto 

 volumes of observations and memoirs have been pub- 

 lished, besides the annual report of the superintend- 

 ent, which is appended to the report of the Secretary 

 of the Navy. In 1880 a new site for the observatory 

 was purchased about 1 mile north and } mile we-t 

 of the present location, the latter beinjr regarded a> 

 hy 



unhcalthy and the efficiency of the instruments 

 impaired there by (lie fojrs and the proximity to tlie 

 1'otomac lliver. Plans for the new buildings were 

 prepared, but Congress failed to make any appropria- 

 tion ior their construction until 1886, ',vhen 100,000 

 were made available for this purpose with the provi- 

 sion that the total cost should not exceed $400,000. 

 New plans were prepared, their main feature l>eing the 

 erection of small detached buildings for each of the 

 principal instruments, while the offices and computing- 

 rooms are united in a main building, and work was be- 

 gun in the autumn of 1888. The observatory as a 

 naval institution couies under the bureau of naviga- 

 tion, and line officers of the navy are detailed at inter- 

 vals to perform the duties of superintendent The 

 following officers have held this position : M. F. 

 Maury, 1844 ; J. M. Gillian, 1861 ; C. II. Davis, 

 P.. F Sands, 1867; C. H. Davis, 1874; John 

 Rodgere, 1877 ; S. C. Rowan, 1882; R. W. Shufeldt, 

 1883; S. R. Franklin, 1884; G. E. Belknap, 1885; 

 A. D. Brown, 1886; R. L. Phythian. ISM',. 



West Point, N. Y., Observatory of the United 



States Military Academy, lat. + 41 23' 31", long. 4" 



." 49'. 4 W. Erected in 1839 ; '.|}-in. Fitz equa- 



torial, 4.6-in. transit by Krtel <k Son (mounted in 



i in. mural circle by Troughton & Simms, and 



several smaller field-instruments Tlie instruments 



! arc used almost entirely for the in^tnutioii uf 



