OHIO. 



85 



Ohio farms and factories to readily reach all the cities 

 of the country, the seaboards, and the markets of the 

 world by almost direct routes. New lines are con- 

 stantly being projected. The sworn reports of rail- 

 road officials to the railroad commissioner for 1887 

 show that for the year the gross passenger earnings of 

 roads, all or part of wnich are in Ohio, were 

 $25,495,598.31 : gross freight earnings, $78,889,473.27 ; 

 total gross earnings, $1 1 2, 546, 743. 1 9. The proportion 

 of these gross earnings for the part of the lines in 

 Ohio was $56,785,652.86, an increase of 12.93 per 

 cent, over the preceding year. The net earnings for 

 the entire lines were $37,270,852.90, the proportion 

 of net earnings for Ohio being $18.795,072.94, this 

 being an increase of 30.69 per cent, over the preced- 

 ing year for the portion of the lines in Ohio. The in- 

 terest on bonds, etc., was $15.188,403.38 ; dividends, 

 $6,4X1,398. 19, and the rentals about $3,000,000. The 

 paid-in capital stock of the lines was over $500,000,000, 

 of which $45, 000, 000 was held by 16,500 residents of 

 Ohio. The bonded debt of the roads was over 

 $400,000,000, the proportion for Ohio being 

 $221,000,001). The unfunded debt was $51,000,000, 

 the proportion for Ohio being $25,000,000. The num- 

 ber of passengers carried in 1 887 was nearly 35,000,000, 

 and the number of tons of freight hauled was over 

 85,000,000. The average freight rate per ton per 

 mile in Ohio in 1886 was .658; in 1887, .707. The 

 average passenger rate per mile in Ohio in 1887 was 

 2.179 cents. The law of Ohio makes three cents per 

 mile per passenger the maximum passenger rate and 

 five cents per ton per mile the maximum freight rate 

 for distances over thirty miles. The proportion of 

 accidents to persons travelling on railroads in Ohio, in 

 1887, was one passenger killed to 106,767 carried. ami 

 one passenger injured to 42,813 carried. An idea of 

 the products of the State, as well as the business of 

 the railroads, can be gained from the following classi- 

 fied freight tonnage carried by railroads in Ohio in 

 1887: 



Freight Tonnage (Clauifitd). 



Tons. 



Agricultural product*, etc 3,393,739 



Coal 27,771,677 



Flour 1,856,744 



Grain 9,L'4J,J(i7 



Ores 5,17ti.L'ul 



Pig and bloom iron 3,183,770 



Iron, steel, and castings 4,272,878 



Manufactures 5,737,985 



Stone, lime, brick, tile, and sand 4,594/278 



Live-stock 2,614,452 



Lumber, timber, shiugles, lath, and other forest 



products 6,854,2-17 



Petroleum crude and refined 1,287,325 



Salt 265,785 



Bran and mill feed 497,855 



Merchandise 4,824,342 



Miscellaneous 3,703,977 



Total tonnage yielding revenue 85,277,462 



[It should, perhaps, he explained that in giving the 

 amount of earnings and other statistics for roads in 

 Ohu> the whole amount for the whole line of roads 

 crossing or entering the State is given, as separate ac- 

 counts are not kept for these roads for the portion of 

 the line in the State. The proportion for Ohio in 

 each case is, however, estimated and stated in the 

 above statistics.] 



,-niHtnt 'i nl Administration. The legislative 

 power is vested in the General Assembly, consisting of 

 a S."i tte and House of Representatives, the members 

 of which arc elected biennially. The judiciary depart- 

 ment consists of a Supreme Court, consisting 01 five 

 judges elected for five years each. Circuit Courts, Com- 

 mon Pleas Courts, Probate Courts. Police Courts, and 

 Justices of the Peace. The Circuit Courts were estab- 

 lished by a constitutional amendment adopted in 1885. 

 There are eight circuits in the State, each of which 

 Vol. IV.-r. 



has three judges elected by the voters residing within 

 the circuit. The supreme executive power is vested 

 in the governor, who is eommander-in-chief of the 

 militia and at the head of the civil government. He 

 is elected biennially and paid a salary of $8000 a year. 

 The lieutenant-governor, who is president of the 

 Senate, with an annual salary of $800 ; a secretary of 

 state, annual salary $2000, with $1000 additional as 

 fees; a State treasurer, annual salary $2000, and 

 attorney-general, annual salary $1500, with $500 addi- 

 tional as fees, are also elected biennially. The auditor 

 of state, with an annual salary of $3000, is elected for 

 four years. Three members of the board of public 

 works, each elected for a three-year term at a salary of 

 $800, and expenses, have charge of the public works. 

 A State commissioner of common schools, with a salary 

 of $2000, is elected triennially ; a clerk of the Supreme 

 Court, with a salary of $1500, and $500 additional as fees, 

 is also elected triennially. These with the five supreme 

 judges are all the elective State officers. There are ap- 

 pointed by the governor, with the advice and consent of 

 the Senate, a commissioner of railroads and telegraphs 

 for two years ; a State librarian for two years ; a superin- 

 tendent of insurance for three years ; an inspector of 

 mines for four years, and an inspector of shops and fac- 

 tories for four years ; a commissioner of statistics of labor 

 for two years ; a supervisor of public printing for two 

 years ; a State inspector of oils for two years ; three 

 commissioners of fisheries for three years ; a swamp 

 land commissioner for an indefinite term ; a dairy and 

 food inspector ; an inspector of leaf tobacco, and a 

 number of minor officials in the executive depart- 

 ment. 



There is a State board of health, members of which 

 are appointed by the governor. This board has gen- 

 eral supervision of local boards of health, compiles 

 vital statistics and adopts measures to prevent the 

 spread of infectious diseases. There is also a State 

 board of pharmacy consisting of five members, which 

 was created in 1884. No person can compound pre- 

 scriptions or keep a drug-store without first having 

 been given a certificate by this board. All the phar- 

 macists and assistant pharmacists in the State are reg- 

 istered. The duty of the board of pharmacy, in addi- 

 tion to examining applicants for certificates, is to 

 prosecute all cases of violations of the law, which 

 prohibits unauthorized persons dealing in drugs and 

 medicines. 



The governor also appoints a board of pardons of 

 four members, two from each of the two leading polit- 

 ical parties, and a State board of charities, consisting of 

 eight members, four from each of the leading political 

 parties, who investigate thesystem of public charities and 

 the [>enal institutions of the State. The governor also 

 appoints non-partisan boards of election of four mem- 

 bers for each of the larger cjties, to regulate the regis- 

 tration of voters and all elections held in these cities and 

 appoint judges and clerks of election. Judges of all 

 the courts, including justices of the peace and police 

 judges in the larger cities, are elected by the people, as 

 are also all clerks of courts. All county officers are 

 elected by the people. The State is divided into two 

 districts, a northern and a southern, in each of which 

 is a United States court, district judge, clerk, and mar- 

 shal. All elections are by ballot and every sane male 

 citizen twenty-one years old and a resident of the State 

 for one year next preceding the election may vote. 

 Institutions for the care of the insane, deaf and dumb, 

 imbecile, blind, veteran soldiers and sailors of the late 

 war, and soldiers' and sailors' orphans, are maintained 

 and supported by the State. The State penitentiary 

 is located at Columbus, the capital of the State, and 

 provision is made in it for the imprisonment of from 

 1500 to 2000 convicts. The death-penalty for murder 

 is carried into effect within the walls of the peniten- 

 ;iary condemned murderers, after being sentenced 

 by the courts in the counties where the crime is com- 

 mitted, being removed to the penitentiary for erecu- 



