M 



mm Surhne. but he rewgmsd in l-r.*. ami with 

 1 i In- religion* community established 

 .row L Harris (</. r.) at Portland. N. V. In 

 ,c returned to Kuropo and was for a while Paris 

 COTTWpoodent !' lli, l,.i|.|.m /'/// Ill l>7:> he !*- 

 ;he agent of a trans- At Untie teltamab company 

 mil resided in the j'nit.-d States. After a few y,-ars 

 he ent to Syria with a view to establishing a colony 

 then. This pmjivt was only partly successful, hut lie 



xplorations of ihe cou 

 dan, which are described in Tit, 



BoHdoathrh 1 I'tnirrl 'iln-i-l.-i ; ' lii- I' 1 ' 1 '' 



r'ililindcn (lst',1). /T,-iv/,7/i/ (l>Ti. ami 



OUPHANT-OWHAUSEN 



his father was driven from France, but Hmile. pru- 

 dently avoidini: politic-, acquired high reputation a- an 

 advo.'-ate. In i v '>7 he was elected to the Chamber of 



|leptit;es. where be INVIIUIC a leader of the opposition. 

 But his hostility to the emperor gradually abated and 

 finallv. in 1867, he was entirely won over. In MOM* 

 INT. 'isii'.l. he wa.- called by the emperor t<i form a 

 cabinet am' draft a constitution. This plan wa- ap- 

 proved by the plebiscite. May s. 1S70. but the derlara- 



i f war anainst t! rmany and it> di-asirous results 



iverthrew first his . -bin,'! and then the Kmpire. Olli- 

 \ier retired to Piedmont, but towards the end of 1*7:! 

 returned to his home at Passy. Ill 1 S7" he had been 



BMfe exploration* of the country cast of the .lor- tJOO of War again* (ir.nany and it^di-ast rous results 



.i./ Trnrtttir* (ISsL'l contain 



observations of men and events 1L- ba- also pub- 

 lished a novel, Alt<r:< I'/" (!>>;). and Haifa (l**7), a 



, 



description of cnteni|w>niry life in Palestine, as seen 

 inae<nd visit. e..nneeted with his coloni/ini; project 

 01. 1 I'll ANT. M.VRiiARCT Wll.sos. an Knirlish 

 n<ivclit of Scoich extnietion, was born at Liverpo.il in 

 Her first novel. I'muiujr* in tin- Ltfeqf Mlltrttt 

 I,' irrl .V.ii>/.iH./(M'.i). was an attraetive revelation 

 <! life in a Scotch parish. She wntiiiu.'d to exhibit 

 Scotch life and character in several stories, hut after- 

 wanln (rave equally excellent delineations of the life of 

 h rural towns. The most noted of these is 

 irlitigforA (ISG3), which was continued 

 in several volumes. "All her stories are marked by a 

 subdued yet earnest religious tone. In 1862 she pob- 

 lished an interestinif Life <>f Ktlirm-il Ircimi, and she 



' 



r.-cord- of his elected to the academy on account of his official \- 



lion, but when he now attempted to take his seat in 

 l>74 his inaugural address caused disturbance by its 



has also given to the world "biographies of St. 

 ofAatin (187H) and <',,nnt Mi,,t<ilrwl*'rt (\*~'2). In 

 Tli- Miikrr* of F/iirriire (187i'>) she depicts Dante, 

 tiiotto. and Savonarola; and Tin- M<tki-rx <>f Vmirr 

 is a similar work. She has also contributed to 

 the history of Kngland in her ll!xtnrii;il .S'/.-iY<7i<-.< <>f tlie 

 .-.,-//. II. (1869). Hm Literary History nf 

 ./(issi!) is confined to the end of the eighteenth 

 and Ix-ginning of the nineteenth century. Her Life of 

 Sh,;-Iil,in (l.VvO in the series of " hnglish Men of 

 Letters" is a pleasing sketch. Her latest biography 

 is that of Principal Tulloch, of whom she was a warm 

 admirer 



OLIVKK. ANDREW (1706-1774), lieutenant gov- 

 ernor of Massachusetts, was born at Boston, March 

 :>. 1706. He graduated at Harvard College in 17l'l, 

 and was a member of the (Jeneral Court, and after- 

 ward was secretary of the province. In I7i>~>. having 

 accepted the office of distributor of stamps under the 

 stamp-act, he was compelled to resign under the Lib- 

 erty Tree. August 15. In 1771 he was appointed 

 lifiitenant-governor, and with his brother-in-law, Gov- 

 ernor Hutchinson. secretly furthered the designs of 

 the British ministry. The (Jeneral Court, discovering 

 this, petitioned the king for the removal of both. 

 Lieutenant-! iovernor Oliver died at Boston, March 3, 

 1774. He was succeeded in office by his relative, 

 TiKiM\s OI.IVKH (1734-1X15). who was compelled by 

 the |M-ople to resign Sept. '1. 177 I. and afterwards went ct .i)t C (j ; 

 with the British troops to Halifax, and thence to 4 | S: ;.| 



defence of the Kmpire. On other occasions dispn 

 arose and finally, in May, Is7 l .i, he witlnlrew from the 

 academy. In early life lie assisted in foondinx and 

 conductiiiL' a law mai;a/.ine. He afterwards published 

 various political essays. His latest works are // /,'/'/'" 

 ,/ i K',it mi I'nni-ili- iln Yiitfi-iiii ('_' \;il- and 



M. Tiiii'i-a '! '' .i<-.i,/,w,' <-t ii-ina i' n;<i;,' (i >- 



OLMSTED, FRKDKRICK LAW. an American land- 

 scape gardener, was born at Hartford, Conn., Nov. 10, 

 lsi. He studied engineering and natural science at 

 Yale College, and became a farmer. In IMs he began 

 to manage a fruit-farm on Stuten Island. In IS.V) he 

 made a tour in Hngland which he narrated in his 

 n<l T<ill;x iiftin Aiii'i'i'i-'in /''inifi- in Kiii/liiitil 

 On his return he made a journey on horseback through 



the Southern States, as COITC.-I lent of the .Y</- 



}"(-,/. Tnn<*. His letters drew attention tothedcplor- 

 able effects of slavery on agriculture. They were col- 

 lected in his volume-. .1 ,lniii-ii<-ii in tin Seaboard 

 Sim-,' St,it,-K (is:,r,) ; .1 Journey through Taca(\W>1) ; 



.1 Juiinny in the liocl; (',,>nitri/ (18titl)_: and a general 

 mary was given in The Ctittnn Kini/il'ini (isiil). 

 ' 



Kngland. 



Andrew's brother. PKTKH OI.IVKR (1713-1791), born 

 March Ji'i. 171::. graduated at Harvard College in 1730. 

 Att-r holdiiiL; s< -veral offices in Plymouth CO.. he was 

 in I7'6 made a judirc of the Supreme Court, and in 

 1771 became chief-justice. In 1771, having rd'u-ed 

 the demand of the \---mbly to cmrage to receive no 

 pay except from that body, he was impeached He 

 afterward* accompanied the British troops when leav- 



snmmary /. 



In 1855 he had made a tour on the Continent of 



Kurope to examine the parks, and when in IS.'ili plans 

 for laying out Central Park, in New York, were called 

 for, that offered by Mr. Oltusted and Calvert Yanx 

 was adopted. Mr. Olmstcd was appointed architect 

 and chief engineer, and carried out his plans energeti- 

 cally until the outbreak of the civil war. He then be- 

 came secretary of the U. S. Sanitary Commission. 

 After the war he was again made architect-in-chiet of 

 the Central Park, and was also engaged in laying out 

 parks in Brooklyn. Washington, and Chicago. In 

 Is7s he was removed from office by a new board of 

 commissioners, but he has conducted his labors with 

 much success in parks for other cities. His firm has 

 had charge of the Niagara Reservation Park. 



OLSH.vrSKN. HKRMANN (17%-is;','.i). a (ierman 

 theologian, was born at Oldesloe, Holstem, Aug. ill, 

 Hi- \va- educated at Kiel and Berlin, and in 

 IS'JI was made professor extraordinary of theo! 

 Konig-b.Tg. becoming folj profe-sor ill l*-7. He ac- 

 a call to Krlangen in l>:;|. and died there Sept. 



Ill- chief work is a Hi/>//'*''il Commentary * 



(\ vols., |s:;o-4ti). It was iwui- 



.11 K ii I7"i He died at Bii ntngnam, 

 land, O<t. 13. 1791. 



OLIjyiKK. KMII.K, a French HUt-sman, was born 

 t Manviljt*, July ^, IvJ'i. He was the son of llcinos- 

 thcne Ollivier. an arlenl republican, studic-d law at 

 Pan*, and was admitted t<i the bar in Is 17 When the, 



Reliublic wan established in IS4.S lie was made ( imis- 



ar)'-genfral at M ir-eilles. hut soon returned to his 

 prufeMoo. Alter the .../. ,tfi,,i of Dwember, 1851, 



, . 



pleted by Profs. Khrard and Wiesinger (vols. 5-7, 

 I85O-53). 1'rof. A. C Kemlrick revised the American 



edition <ll vols.. 



His brother, .lll.lis OI.SHMSKN (1800-188$), a 



distimjuislied Orientalist, wa- born May '.I. 1800, MM 

 < dneati'il at Kiel. Berlin, and Paris. In ISlM he was 

 made extraordinary professor at Kiel, and in |s.:!0 IM-- 

 camc full professor. In l.sls the orovisional itovern- 

 ment of llolstein intrusted to him the sui>crintendcnce 

 of the university. He also represented the city (if 

 Kiel in the parliament, of which he was made vice- 

 president. In Is.'i^the Danish L-overnment came into 

 possession of the country, and < Hshausen was deprived 

 of hi.- office In !>:,:; he was made librarian and pro 

 lessor of Oriental languages at Ki'miirsberg. In !*."; 

 he was made councillor in the' Prussian ministn of 

 education. In I S 7I he retired on a pension, and hu 



