124 



PAINTING. 



Thomas P. Roaiter(18I7-71); Joseph Amos(lSlf,-72), 

 and Richard M. Suigg (ISIT-si). noted tor his min- 

 iatures, in which department Tln>s. S. Cuiiiinii 

 worked. One of the strongest of the lot wan Elliott, 

 who was especially successful in the rendition ul' char 



BROWN. The former frequently chooses MI-IK- in 

 rural life, and has also produced numerous character 

 istic pictures of negro subject*. Mr. Brown has come 

 to be con.-idcrcd mainly as tht- painter Jir excrllrncr 

 of our news-boys and Unit-blacks, whom he often brings 



acter. Page experimented much in color, striving i before us in characteristic po-itions. Others more or 



especially to discover Titian's method of painting, less known 

 Daniel iiuntington, Thomas Hicks, andlieo. H.Ycwcll 

 have also produced notable works in portraiture. 



Another change becomes noticeable towards the 

 middle of this century, for Piisscldorf and Munich 

 began to claim a share in shaping our national art. 

 Emmanuel I.KI T/.K (Mf',-<',s) is one of the most prom- 

 inent artists of this period. A_ German by birth, he 

 was brought to America as an infant. Although his 

 art education was received in Piisseldorf, he showed 

 an extraordinary love for American subjects. Among 

 his more important paintings are, Washington Cross- 

 ing the Delaware ; Washington at the Battle of Mon- 

 iiiouth ; Washington at Valley Forge ; and Westward 



the Star of Empire Takes its Way, the last in the 

 Capitol at Wa.-hmgton. A number of other painters 

 during this period gave more or less attention to his- 

 toric subjects, but little worthy of note was accom- 

 plished in this direction. Edwin WIIITK (1817-77), 

 who studied at Paris and Piisscldorf, painted some 

 American historic pieces, notably Washington |. 

 ing his Commission. He was exceedingly ]>rnlific, 

 most of his works dealing with European subjects. 

 Peter F. ROTHERMEI, has produced some works illus- 

 trative of American history, among which is the Battle 

 of Gettysburg. John G. Chapman, well known as an 

 illustrator and genre, artist, also aspired to this diflieult 

 field of painting, as did also John Blake WIIITK. (17*1- 

 1859). William II. POWKI.I. (lSL'o-7'.i) is known best 

 by his PC Soto discovering the Mississippi, in the Cap- 

 itol at Washington. Christian Scut SSK.I.E (1824-7'A 

 an Alsatian, was for some year- director of the schools 

 of the Pennsylvania Academy, in which capacity he 

 exercised a certain influence on our art. His Clear the 

 Track, Men of Progress, The Iron Worker and King 

 Solomon, and other works, became widely known 

 through the prints by John Sartain and other en- 

 gravers. Thomas P. ROSSITEE (1817-71) painted 

 many historical and scriptural subjects, and Robert W. 

 WKIK is known as the painter of the Sailing of the 



in the department of figure -painting are 

 Benjamin F. Keinharl (IM.".' -- ."! : Join. \\ . Ehninger; 

 Constant Mayer; Edward H. May (1824-87) : Alfred 

 C. I lowland; E. Wood Perry ; Lemuel E Wilmarth ; 



W. Flagg; Cephas G. Thompson ; .1. TomeThonm- 

 son: E. L. Henry : \V. J. Hcnnr--y; I' I' Ryder; Rob- 

 ert Wylie (</. 1S77); Thomas Ilo'vcnden: Walter Sat- 

 tcrlee: E. M. Ward: Julian Scott ; Henry Mo-l.-r; .). 

 W. Cliampney. and William Mairrath. Panicl llunt- 

 ington, better known asa portrait -painter, ha- executed 

 graceful and pleoiu figure-pieces. George Fuller. 

 Henry A. Loop, and F. S. Church represent (lie ideal 

 element among our figure painters. (I CM. II. Bough- 

 ton excels in Puritan subjects. Eastman Johnson has 

 produced effective work in the dclincatiMii of m-gro life 

 and domestic scenes, and A. Wordsworth Thonipsun 

 has given us some good historical compositions. 



In our landscape art we for the first time find decided 

 originality, and a national feeling which foreign influ- 

 ences did not suppress. Our landscape artists, alt hough 

 occupied at times also with European subjects, show in 

 thcjr works a notable preference for the scenery of 

 their own country. The Catskills, the White Moun- 

 tains, Hudson RiTer, Lake George, and later the 

 Rocky Mountains and the Yoscmiie. Valley, have fur- 

 nished subjects for innumerable paintings. 



Joshua SHAW (1776-1860), an English artist who 

 came over about 1817, was apparently the first in this 

 country to niak e a specialty of landscape. ButPoughty, 

 ( 'ole, and 1 hirand are generally regarded as the pioneers 

 in this branch of art. Thomas DOUGHTY (1793^-1850) 

 left the leather business at the age of twenty-eight to 

 take up landscape-painting, and he followed with 

 much success the art which he had adopted with so 

 lutle. preparation. Thomas CoLK (1801-48), born in 

 England, came to this country at the age of eighteen, 

 and received his first training here. He later studied 

 for some time in Italy, and his work shows distinct 

 traces of the influence of Salvator Rosa and Claude. 

 The works by which he is best remembered are his al- 



Pilgrims, and similar works, pleasing in style, although i legoric landscapes, especially his Course of Empire. 

 not strikingly original. Regarded simply from an art point of view, his paint- 



In the department of genre our artists had. until ings show faults, yet there is in them a moral intent 

 now, made but few attempts. Charles Robert I^-slie and purpose and a di.irnity and grandeur which have se- 

 and Gilbert Stuart Newton can hardly claim a place cured for him a high place among his contemporaries. 

 here, as they are so closely identified with the art of He undoubtedly, too, had a la-ling effect on our land- 

 England. Henry INMAN (1801-46), known best by j scape art. Ashcr B. DIIRANH (17%-1 880) had gained 

 his excellent and characteristic portraits, executed an enviable reputation in other branches of art uefore 



some genre pictures, but the most important genre 

 painter of tne period was William Sidney MOUNT 

 (1807-68). His works were thoroughly national in 

 spirit ; no one has so well delineated the humorous 

 side of the life of the American farmer; ami the 

 negro, too, figured frequently in his compositions. 

 As a oolorist he was not remarkable, but his pictures 

 show a shrewd observation of human nature.. F. W. 

 EDMONDS (1806-63) produced some clever pictures of 

 American subjects, and Richard Caton \\oonviu.K 

 (c. 1825-1855), who studied at [>u--cldorf. became 

 well known through his Mexican News, Sailor's Wt d 

 ding, etc., but was unfortunately cut short in his career 

 when but 30 years of age. Our Indians and trap- 

 pers found delineators in George CATMN (1796-1879), 

 Charles Deas, and William KANNKY (1 si 3-57). 



To come down to the genre art of a later date, John 

 B. IttViwi (182,5-77) was noted for his spirited execu- 



he took up landscape-painting. As a steel engraver. 

 he employed his burin in producing such admirable 

 plates as Vatiderlyn's Ariadne and Tnimliull's Peclara- 

 tion of Independence. Next he practised portrait- 

 painting with success, and finally, at the age of thirty- 

 eight, he directed his efforts to landscape art. The 

 care he had found it necessary to exercise as an cii- 

 graver was carried into his new vocation, and his land- 

 scapes, though faithful in detail, are yet broad and 

 effective. I let excelled especially in rendering the in- 

 dividuality and characteristics of trees, and produced 

 occasionally successful atmospheric effects. 



One of the most prominent of the landscape-painters 

 who followed was John F. KEN8ETT (1818-73), who, like 

 Durand, )>ccan his career as an engraver. He passed 

 a numl>er of years abroad in study, and after his return 

 produced many faithful delineations of the scenery of 

 his naiive land. II;.- paintings are good in technique, 



tion and elaborate finish, and Frank B. MAYKK (h. ISi'T) broad in treatment, excellent in color, and show much 

 also won distinction in this line. John I-'. WK.IK has i poetic feelin L IlitowN (!>. 1814) was some- 



executed some vigorous paintings, like Forging the 

 Shaft, and Seymour J. ( !uy has given us some charm- 

 ing pictures of child iife. Two of our best-known 

 genre artists are Thomas W. WOOD and John G. 



what under the influence of Italy, and much of his 

 work deals with the scenery of that country. His 

 paintings arc effective and brilliant in light and color, 

 but he belonged to a school which at times, perhaps. 



