12S 



MKK PANCOAST. 



Hkrewel being wrecked at tho month of the ('>lnuil>i.i 

 River in Istl. ln< spent some months on -h-ie in vi 

 entitle wink. He wu commissioned surgeon on lii- 

 return to New York, and MNIII after had ch.irirc of ihc 

 iiiiiinTu> wounded liy tin- explosion on l..ird the U.S. 

 teanirr Priinvioii II -.i\ed off the coaRt of Mexico 

 during the war with tlmt country, afterwards in the 

 Pacific. an<l <>n the strain frigate Niagara during tin- 

 first attempt to lay tin- Atlantic c.iMe. At the oul 

 break of the civil war he took medical charge of the 

 naval academy then rfinovcd to Newport, ft. I. In 

 1863 he joined Admiral FarragutV blockading 8qti.nl 

 nui. and ne was attached to the ttapdiip Hartford dnr- 

 inir the battle of Moliilc Bay. At the close of tin- 

 war Dr. Palmer returned to the North with health 

 greatly impaired, but had charge of the naval hospital 

 Irooklvn for four years. He was commissioned :i> 

 medical director in March. 1S7I, and as surgeon-f." n- 

 cral in .June. 187^. hut retired a year later. He died 

 si Washington April :>l. 



lirothiT. JoHM WILLIAMSON PALMER (1825- 

 wa born at Baltimore April 4. IM'.">. He grad- 

 uated at the University of Maryland in 1847. studied 



ne. and became city physician in San Fi 

 in 1V.I and surgeon in the Kast India Company's ser- 

 vice iii the Burmese war. His graphic sketches of 

 life in California and India were published in Putnam's 

 Mimlhlii and the Atlnntti- Mtmtkly. During the civil 

 war he was a Confederate war correspondent of the 

 New York Tribune. After the war he was a physician 

 in Baltimore, but in lS7n removed to New York. 

 AmoiiL' his Ixioks are Tin' (tnlileii I)<II/<IH (IS'iU) ; Netc 

 <in, I (>!,! (1 s.V.i) ; /'..//.- Sung* (1860), and some novels 

 and art-books. 



PALMER, JOHN McCAri.F.v, general, was born at 

 Eagle Creek, Scott co., Ky., Sept. 13, 1817. Having 

 removed to Illinois during his youth, he became a 

 lawyer at Carlinsville and was elected to the State 

 Senate in 18.VJ-4. He took part in the formation of 

 the Republican party and was presidential elector on 

 its ticket in 1860. In April, 1861, he became colonel 

 of the Fourteenth Illinois volunteers and was engaged 

 in Missouri. He was made brigadier-general of vol- 

 unteers in December, and took part in the capture of 

 New Madrid. His gallantry at the battle of Stone 

 Hivcr, Jan. 1-3, 1863, where he commanded a division, 

 secured his promotion to major-general. He fought 

 at Cliickamauga and commanded the Fourteenth cm-p.-. 

 in the Atlanta campaign. When (icn. O. O. Howard 

 was promoted to the command of the right wing of 

 Sherman's army, on the death of Gen. McPherson, 

 Gen. Palmer, who thought himself entitled to the po- 

 sition, asked to be relieved, and was assigned to the 

 command of the department of Kentucky. He was 

 governor of Illinois from 186'J to 1873. 



PALMER, RAV (1808-1887), hymn writer, was born 

 at Little Compton, R. L, Nov. 12, 1808. He grad- 

 uated at Tale College in 1830 and engaged in teaching 

 In 1832 he was licensed to preach in the Congregational 

 Church, and he was pastor of the Central Church, 

 Bath, Maine, from 1835 to 1850. He was then called 

 to the First Congregational Church, Albany, N. Y., 

 and was its pastor until 1866, when he became secre- 

 tary of the American Congregational 1'nion in New 

 York city. During the twelve years of his secretary- 

 ship the society assisted in erecting over 600 church 

 buildings. Dr. Palmer was, during the same period, 

 one of the visitors of Andover Theological Seminary, 

 and was engaged in literary work. In 1878 he retired 

 to Newark, N. .!.. where he died March 29, 1887. 

 Dr. Palmer is best known as the author of the hymn. 

 " My Faith looks up to Thee," which has been trans- 

 lated into more than twenty languages. Others of 

 his IqrBM have been widely used. Hie Complete 

 ftiftiail Work* were published in 1876. He also 

 published Clari Iliir* (1851); Home, or the 

 Pkiradite (1868) ; Voice* of Hope and Gladneu 

 (Ittty 



PM.MKTTO is th. tative form taken by 



the palm within the limits of the United 

 s ", "' XN ",'. Stati s. ainl probably the most hardy 

 v ",'.. ! "of the palms, since it extends north- 

 ward as far as the latitude of North 

 Carolina. Two genera and four species of palmetto 

 exist in the region between North Carolina and Florida, 

 the most important of these being .Wi/ I'almrtto, 



the cabbage pal- 

 metto. a noble 

 palm, which some- 

 times attains a 

 height of 5d ft. and 

 a diameter ot 12 

 to 15 in. It is 

 crowned with a 

 circlet of fan- 

 shaped leaves of 

 about 5 ft. in 

 length and breadth 

 and having long 

 foot.-talks. The 

 flowers are small, 

 greenish, and in 

 long racemes, with 

 cup-shaped caly i 

 and 3-pctalled co- 

 rolla, 6 stamens, 

 and a 3 -eel lea 

 ovary. The fruit 

 is a 1-seeded drupe, 

 black, oblong. 4 to 

 5 in. in length, 



and not citaLle. 

 Palmetto Palm. This ^^ _ 



ceives its local name from the cabbage, or circle of 

 unezpanded leaves, which forms one of the most de- 

 licious of table vegetables. 



The cabbage palmetto is found on the sandy coast 

 regions from Florida to North Carolina, and also occurs 

 in the Bermudas. Its wood is very porous, but is 

 almost imperishable under water, and is not attacked 

 liy the ten-do. Hence it is much esteemed for wharf- 

 building. The original Fort Mouhrie. whose spongy 

 wood received the balls of the British guns without 

 injury, was built of palmetto logs. The leaves are 

 used in the manufacture of hate, baskets, mats, and 

 for various domestic purposes. The root is highly 

 astringent and has been proposed as a tanning material 



The other species of palmetto are of minor impor- 

 tance. S. terrulaia, the saw palmetto, has a low 

 creeping stem, 4 to 8 ft. long, with bright-green, fan- 

 shaped leaves, which are of use in hat making. It 

 occurs on the sandy coast soil from South Carolina 

 to Florida. 



> .1- In, if, ni. the dwarf palmetto, is destitute of a 

 stem, sending up above the ground only a circlet of 

 fan-shaped leaves, 2 to 3 ft. long. It covers dense 

 patches of ground in the low coast regions from North 

 ('arolinn to Florida, growing well in marshy places. 



t'li" . the blue palmetto of Florida 



and South Carolina, is a hardy dwarf fan palm, with 



ioled, fan-shaped leaves. It grows in shady 



.mil is remarkable for the needle-like thorns 



which, like porcupine ouills, grow from the root min- 



.!' <l v. ith the leaves. From these the specific name is 



taken. The roots of the palmetto are so numerous 



and strong in some soils aa to make plowing difficult 



and expensive. (c. M.) 



PAN COAST. JOSEPH (1805- 1 882), an eminent 

 surgeon, was born in Burlington co. . N. J., in 1805. 

 i his degree at the I''.i\er-ity of Pennsyl- 

 vania in l~_"v and began tei.eliinv piaciical surgery in 

 1831. He was connected with the Philadelphia HOC- 



S'tal from ls:>4 to lsl"> and with the Pennsylvania 

 ospital from 1854 to 1864. He was elected professor 

 of surgery in the Jefferson Medical College in 1838, 

 and in 1847 exchanged this position for the professor- 



