

I'AKKKK I'M'.KS 



Bethel. Vt 1799 Hegraduated at H.unil 



ton Colic;;,- in |s'J4, and was ordained to tin- I 



niiiii.sirv in iM'i'i Be had charges in Rochester, 



'i leans, Philadelphia. New York city, and N 

 II was president ot I'nioii Theological Seminary. 



12, holding also the professorship of sacred 

 literature llr died at New York. May ..' - II 



published several religious works ami was tor a time 

 editor of tin- I'l-iil-i/trfiiiii OiKirlrrli/ Rrririr. 



I'AllKKi; .ln-i.rii. English Congregationalisl 



preacher, was bom at llcxham. April '.'. l-.;u. Ho 

 was educated at Dnmnity Oo&in, 1-ondon, an<l was 

 ordained pastor of a OoogngatioasJlBl church at Ban- 

 bury in is.Vl, ami afterwards ministered to a church 

 in Manchester. Since IM'I'.I lie has been pastor of 

 Citv Temple. London. In theology he is conservative 

 anil orthiHlox : as a preacher he has been considered 

 to resenihle Henry Ward Beecher, and on the death 

 of tlio latter lr. Parker was invited to preach his 

 memorial discourse. lie aivcpted the. task but after- 

 wards returned to his work ia London. Among Dr. 

 Parker's publications an- Kiiutiiur! (18.V.)); Ecce Dem 

 a replv to /><v ///,.; Tin I'tirarlet, -(1ST 1) ; 

 A,lt'lrrum (1870); T/i. ftfefttftood <>f Christ (1876); 

 The Inner Lift of Chrixt (3 vols., 1881-2) ; Apostolic 

 Ltfe (3 vols,, 1881M). He has commenced the publi- 

 cation of a series of discourses under the title The 

 Knplei Bihle. Hissketches of ministerial life. Si>riit- 

 date Aljjry (IS69), and Tyne Chylde (1883), are partly 

 intobtograpnio. 



PARKER, PETER (1804-1888), missionary, was 

 born in Framingham, Mass.. June 18, 1804. He 

 graduated at Yale in 1831, and having studied medi- 

 cine as well as theology, was ordained in 1834 and sent 

 as missionary to China. He established a hospital at 

 Canton which received 2000 patients in its first year. 

 Many Chinese also received instruction in medicine 

 and surgery' from him. He visited the United Stale- 

 in 1840, but resumed his missionary work in 1842. 

 As secretary to the U. S. embassy he rendered valua- 

 ble service. In 1855 he again visited the United States. 

 but soon returned to conduct negotiations with the 

 Chinese government. In 1857 he returned to the 

 United States and fixed his home at Washington. He 

 was an active member of the Evangelical Alliance, and 

 in its behalf visited the Emperor of Hussia in 1S71. 

 He died at Washington, I). C.. .Jan. 10. 18SS II, 

 published Jnurnul of an Expedition from Singapore to 

 Jap<in (Is. 



PARKER, WIU,ARI> (1800-1884), surgeon, was 

 born at Lyndeborough, N. H., Sept 2, 1800. He 

 graduated at Harvard College in IMi'H, ami studied 

 medicine and surgery under Dr. J. ('. Warren. He 

 was soon made professor of anatomy in the Vermont 

 Medical College and in Berkshire College, and in 1836 

 was called to Cincinnati. After a visit to Europe he 

 was in 1839 made professor of surgery in the New 

 York College of Physicians and Surgeons. Dur- 

 ing the thirty years in which he held this position he 

 made several improvements in practical surgery, includ- 

 ing the operation of cyst otomy. In isti'ihew. 

 ccrned in the organization of the Bellevue Hospital, 

 and was appointed one of its visiting surgeons. In 

 1864 he exerted himself to procure the formation of 

 the New York City Board of Health and afterwards 

 served as one of its members. In 1865 he was made 

 president of the State Inebriate Asylum at Hinghaui- 

 ton, and in 1869 was made professor of clinical surgery 

 in the institution with which he had long been asso- 

 ciated. He was also consulting surgeon to several 

 New York hospitals, and a hospital for contagious dis- 

 eases was named in his honor. II. retired from prac- 

 tice jn 1882, and died April L'V Issl. 1 1 is only pub- 

 lications were contribution! to medical journal-. 



PARKERSBURO, aehjjrofWed Virginia, rounty- 

 eat of NVuod >., is on the ( )hio River at the mouth 

 of the Little Kanawha. ahoiit. '.15 miles below Wheel- 

 ing and 196 miles from Cincinnati. Its railroads are 



the Baltimore and Ohio, the Ohio River, and the 

 Cincinnati. Wheeling, and Baltimore ; there is also a 

 branch road to Marietta. The Baltimore and Ohio 

 Kailroad bridge over the Ohio is one of the 1 'tiL'est in 

 the United States. Parker.-hnrg has a I". S. govern - 

 in. -iii building. '' hotels. 4 national banks, I daily and 

 4 weekly newspapers. I:! churches, r. public scho.,1 

 buildings, and a female seminary. It has :; foundries, 

 li machine shops, railroad repair shops, 5 large oil- 

 n'linerics, and several liictorics. producing furniture. 

 barrels, veneer, acids. There, arc 1 flour and Slumber- 

 mills. Parkersburg has gas- and water-works, a good 

 fire department, and a park. Its public debt is 

 $12.'i,tHK and its yearly expenses $45.iHXl. It is the 

 centre of the petroleum trade of West Virginia and 

 South-western Ohio. It was settled in 177:1 by Vir- 

 ginians, was incorporated in 1820. The population in 



1880 wa- M.'iSli. 



P A i; KM AN. Fit \sns. historian, was born in Bos- 



pt. lt>. ISi 1 :;. His father. Francis Parkman, 



D. D. (I7ss-is,;,:j). was pastor of toe New North Church 



(Unitarian) from 1813 to 184'.i. and was no'ed for his 

 charitable labors. The son graduated at II* T vard in IS 14 

 and then made a tour across the Western prairies, 

 which he described in sketches first published in the 

 Kit!'-kfrlHn-l;i i- Mi'i'r.ini'. He afterwards visited Eu- 

 rope. Though afflicted with partial blindness, he fol- 

 lowed the example of Prescott and devoted himself 

 to historical investigation. The first result appeared 

 in his I/ix/ory of the Coiuniraty nf I'mttiac (1851), 

 to which his familiarity with actual Indian life gave 

 special value. He then essayed a novel in ls.">r.. 

 but his subsequent works, which have brought him 

 fame, have all related to the history of the French in 

 North America. They comprise The J'ioneert of 

 France in the Neir RferU(18M); Tin- ./txin'ts in \",-'t/i 

 America in the ,SV,v/ ( /-.//, Cmtnni (1S(>7); The Dis- 

 <.,)</// ,,f the Great West (ISii'.i) ; Tlir Old Key 

 Cumuli (ls7i'i); fount /"'nuiti'iiiK- null Xfir Fi-iiin'f 

 null, i- !.<;* XIV. (1880); Wat/,' ,i,l Mnittatliu 

 (1885). These successive volumes by their graphic 

 style, their thorough research, and careful judgment, 

 have Itccomc standard works on that part of American 

 history to which thev relate. 



PA I IKS. The idea of providing pleasure-grounds 

 for the recreation of the people, of large cities is one 

 of recent origin, though it is now being carried out 

 with all the Nineteenth century energy. In former 

 times the people were looked upon as of too little im- 

 portance for any public provision to be made for their 

 enjoyment, and though large tracts of forest and other 

 lands were set aside, they were held solely for the 

 pleasure of the nobility and royalty. Many such tracts 

 of crown lands have recently been utilized as parks for 

 the people, a striking evidence of the growing im- 

 portance of the populace. This is particularly the 

 case in France, where numerous preserved portions of 

 the ancient forests are now thrown open as public 

 pleasure-grounds. 



In tin; old Knirli.sh manors the grounds were divided 

 into two portions. One of these immediately sur- 

 rounded the house, and was treated as a garden or an 

 elaborately ornamented pleasure ground. The more 

 distant portion, known as the park, was less artificially 

 treated, being left principally to the broad handling of 

 nature'. Most of these old parks were originally kept 

 as deer enclosures, and hail the proper alternation of 

 open for. -laics, and flowing streams for this 



purpose. In many of the manorial parks the people 

 were given privileges, and in some of them they a.- 

 quired legal rights of crossing, but no park existed in 

 the modern popular sense. 



The recent Luropean parks arc as a rule old private 

 parks, or crown lands, now made free to the people 

 and adapted to public n-c. For this purpose, they 

 have been treated so as to bring out all their possi- 

 bilities of landscape beauty, being in some parts dealt 

 with elaborately as gardens, but usually on a broader 



