Ml 



PARROTl I'M; f NERSHIP. 



wera defeated on .!.. -'.. and Mr. Gladstone 



ojrajn became prim. II.:IH-I. r Painell'- party had so- 

 cored nearly every seat fur In-laii'l. Their demand 

 now was fur complete li-L'i.-laiivc independence and an 

 Irish Parliament < ii i dstoiie. convin. -ed uflhf.iu.-lii>> 

 'I' i In- demand, soon introduced u bill fur the purpose. 

 Hut though it had many elements of strength, the re- 

 sult was to disrupt his parly an. I drive him again from 

 power. In the now olortiun thus precipitated mi the 

 country the Tory parly obtained enough liolp from the 

 Liberal dissidents to enable it to undertake tin- task of 

 governing the country. In the Parliament of 1HS7 

 Parnell's motion- were defeated by large majorities. 

 but he iMntiniic 1 sto:idf;tst in his purpose of seeking 

 a ii.ii i.i'ri) parliament fur Ireland. 



Liter a sensation was produced by the publication 

 in the Tiinri of the fae.-imile of a letter purporting to 

 en writton by I'arnell excusing the murder of 

 Mr. Burke, though expressing regret for that of Lord 

 Frederick Cavendish. I'arnell repudiated the letter, 

 but the government refused to investigate the matter. 

 The Tiiar* then published a pamphlet, omiiled l'ir- 

 nrlli<,n mill Crime, charging Parnell and his associates 

 with being accessories in various outrages. A -nit 

 was brought against the Tunes by one O'Donncll for 

 libel, but was decided in favor of the defendant This 

 suit the Parnellites declared to be collusive. Finally in 

 October, 1888, the charges of the Times against I'arnell 

 ami others vaguely described were investigated before 

 a commission of three judges. The prosecution was 

 conducted by Sir Richard Webster, the attorney-gen- 

 eral The proceedings so far as they have gone (No- 

 vember) seem to support the view commonly held that 

 the alleged letter which formed the basis of the indict- 

 ment was a forgery. 



Parnell is not a typical Irishman, according to the 

 types presented in English literature. He is not an 

 orator ; he shrinks from public display. He is hand- 

 some in feature, quiet in manner, pleasant in his inter- 

 course with others, perhaps slightly ideal in his aims, 

 but thoroughly practical in the means he adopts for 

 acoomplishiiiir them. His remarkable power over his 

 followers is due to his absolute sincerity of purpose, 

 the excellence of his judgment on all important ques- 

 tions, and the tenacity with which he maintains his 

 conclusions. In the presence of the world he ha.s 

 brought an impulsive, discordant people into har- 

 monious and almost unanimous effort for the highest 

 privilege of a nation the right of self-government 



(J. P. L.) 



PARROTT, ROBERT PARKER (lstH-1877), an 

 American inventor, was born at Lee, N. II., Oct. :.. 

 1804. He graduated at West Point in 1S21 and was 

 made second lieutenant of artillery. He was assistant 

 professor at West Point for some years, and in 1836 ho 

 became superintendent of the West Point iron and 

 cannon foundry, Cold Spring, N. Y. lie invented a 

 system of rifled cann>m which dears his name. : 

 ORD.NANCK.) He died at Gold Spring, Do-. 12, I- 



PAB8LET, Petrotfli'iiinii .////./,/. a hardy bien- 

 nial herbaceous plant from Sardinia, has an angular 

 alem three to four feet in bright, sliinimr. tripinnaie 

 leaves of a rich deep iMveii. and small, white il... 

 in terminal umbels, with five petal- and aUm 

 The fruit is ovate, with live narrow equal ridges, and 

 seeds with an aromati- list e. Pa> ...MI li-oni 



the seed, sown annually in early spring, and i- "It. n 

 raised under glass. It requires a rich, mellow soil. It 

 is principally cultivated fur tin- use of its leaves as an 

 ornamental garnish to meals, lor which purpose the 

 double, or curly -leaved, variety is grown. By re- 

 peated transplant in g during the season the curling of 

 the leaves is aided, till they become of a regular rosette 

 form. The leaves arc also used for flavoring soups 

 and stews, for which purpose the seeds are sometimes 

 substituted. One variety, known as the Hambm 

 raised for it* root, which is large, white, anil fleshy, 

 ubk-s the parsnip. It is eaten boiled, and is 



also used, mixed with the leaves, _to flavor soups, to 



which it imparts a pleasant aromatic taste and odor, 



PARSNIP. See Adi: Chap. V., 2. 



PARSONS. SVMI K.I. HOI.HKN- (IT.tT-IT- 

 in the Revolution, was lrn at Lynn. Conn., May 14, 

 17.".". lie was the son of llev. Jonathan I' 

 (I70.V177"). a noted preacher. He graduated at 

 Harvard College in 17;')li and became a lawyer. He 

 iiicntly elected to the legislature and, though 

 kind's attorney in 1774. took part with the 

 patriot*. Hi' commanded the Sixth Connecticut regi- 

 ment at the siege of Boston in 1775 and fought in the 

 battle of Long Island. "Congress made him biigadier- 

 general in August. 177d. and in Oetoln-r, 17SH. he be- 

 eame major-general. He succeeded Putnam in com- 

 mand of the Connecticut line. In recent \cars he has 

 been charged with holding secret communication with 

 Sir Henry Clinton and furnishing him with informa- 

 tion of the state of the American army. In I7S5 he 

 was appointed a commissioner to treat with the Miami 

 Indians, After serving in the Connectietit Conven- 

 tion which ratified the Federal Constitution, he was 

 appointed by Washington first judge of the North- 

 west Territory. He settled in Ohio and took part in 

 the purchase of the \\ -erve. He was 



drowned in Big Beaver River, Ohio, Nov. 17, 1789. 

 He contributed to the Tniiixiu-tiiuix -;/" the American 

 Academy a paper on Western antiquities. 



PARSONS, TiiKi'Hiii.rs (1750-1813), jurist was 

 born Feb. 24, 1750, at Byfield, Mass., where his father 

 was pastor of the Congregational church for more 

 than forty years. He graduated at Harvard College 

 in 1769 and was admitted to the bar at Portland. Me., 

 in 1774, but soon returned to Mytield, and afterwards 

 settled at Newburyport. In 177K he formed one of 

 the Essex Junto, and wrote the Enter Result, a pam- 

 phlet which caused the rejection of a State constitu- 

 tion prepared by the legislature. It had effect also 

 on the framing of constitutions in other States. The 

 author took part in the convention which framed the 

 Stale conhtitution ;if 17HO, and in the convention which 

 ratified the Federal Constitution in 1788. In INK! he 

 removed to Boston and in 1806 was made duef-justios 

 of Ma.-sachusetts. His decisions served to place on a 

 firm basis the laws of real property and marine insurance. 

 lie died at Bo-ii.n. < lot. 30, 1813. _ His son published 

 his Mtnmir (is.v.i). From his writing* were collected 

 Commciitiirit.-; mi tli> l.mif nf (lie I'nlii.l .V 



His son, TiiK.oi'im.us PARSONS (17117-1^2). was 

 also distinguished as a jurist and as an advocate of 

 Swedenborgianism. He was born at Nowlmryport. 

 May 17. 17'.l7. graduated at Harvard in ISI.'j. studied 

 law and practised at Taunton, but chiefly in Boston. 

 In IS47 he was made Dane professor of law in Har- 

 vard College. He died at Cambridge, Jan. 2d, 1*S2. 

 Among his legal treatises are The Law of Cn,-- 

 (2vols., Is".:,; afterwards enlarged to 3vok, 18f>4); 

 /* "f Mi rriiutili- Caw (1856) ; Lairx ul 

 M< i< ( I s..~i7): M'lritlmf Ijinr ( 

 ' 



.,,</ Hills nf h'.icliniHjr (ISC.'J); f.mr if 1'iirtnrr- 



. 



fiii ISil 



Admiralty ( l>< '.'). Some of these works have passed 

 through .several editions. Prof. Parsons' writings in 

 defence and exposition of the teachinirs of Ki; 

 Swedcnhori: include DttU Somo (\MR); Tlif Iiifinitr 

 inn/ I/if /'//<//< (l>72) : and some smaller treatises. 

 PARTNERSHIP is a relation founded upon a con- 



v i xvin tr: " ' '"'' "''''"'"" " r more personstodo 



': biisine-s a- individuals on joint, undi- 



I I'. t>i>4 '11 1* iJ 



\ni KI-II ) vided account. Kvery unincorporated 



association for purposes of gain is a 

 partnership. The question whether a partnership 

 exists or not has be. n said to be one of mixed law and 

 fact, but generally speaking is one to be decided by a 



inry. The elements of partnership are the contribu- 

 tion by a partner to the partnership fund and a sharing 

 in the prolit- Rich is an clement in a relation no} 

 complete without both. 



