P1CKKTT PIGMENTS 



!. ;i\iiiL- Li.- I'.iilii-i'.- hioi-raphy (infill- 



l-hcd. 



ClIAKI.ES I'll kKHIMi (I. MIS- ix7. naturalist 



son of Timothy , was born in Susouchanna 00., I'.i 



II.- indwtad at Bamid College in 



1X2:; nd obtained lii* medical degree in !>_'> Alter 

 some years' practice at Philadelphia, where In- was 

 alao active in tin- Academy of Natural Sciences, he 

 went in 1838 as nuturali.-i on the Wilke.- exploring < .\ 

 pedition Hr .il> travelled in India and Eastern 

 Africa, examining the different tribe.- The reMilt of 

 hia researches was given in hi- !>'" nf Mm <i.l tltrlr 

 GtOffrapkiad Ditlribittion (1848; rol ix. of Willies' 

 Rrpori)', Gtoym i>h!ml lUtlrHiulimi "t .\niinutx "nil 

 /Y.iHM (1X54. 'vol. xix. ofWilkes Report); and & 

 graphical Dutriiiitiun of I fault (l- s il). He after- 

 wards lived a very retired, studious life at Boston, 



very 



where he died March I", 1ST*. Alter his death ap- 

 peared lib t'linimiliiifii-iil f/isti'iy "J I'lnnt* (1879), a 

 laborious but unsystematic work. cumWed with un- 

 less learning. 



EDWARD GHABLB PICKKKINU. physktat, great- 

 grandson of Col. Timothy Pickering, was born at Bos- 

 ton, July 19, 1846. He graduated at the Lawrence 

 Scientific School in 1865, and was chosen professor of 

 physics in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

 in 1867. He took part in observing the solar eclipse 

 of 1869 in Iowa and that of 1870 in Spain. He has 

 made extensive researches in optics and in the polari- 

 zation of light, and has published /'A.i/.< /</// M<in<inil<i- 

 tinn (1874). 



PICKETT, ALBERT JAMES (1810-1858), historian 

 of Alabama, was born in Anson co. , N. C., Aug. 13, 

 1810. He removed in boyhood to Autaga co., Ala., 

 and became a lawyer. He took part in the Creek war, 

 and became a colonel. His only publication was his 

 Hittory of AlaLamn (2 vok, Charleston, 1851). He 

 died at Montgomery, Ala. , Oct. 28, 1858. C. M. 

 Jackson published a brief biography. 



PIGKBTT, GKOIIUK E. (1825-1875), a Confed- 

 erate general, was born at Richmond, Va., Jan. 25, 

 1825. Graduating at \Vcst Point in 1846, he served in 

 the Mexican war from Vera Cruz to the capture of 

 Mexico, winning two brevets for gallantry. lie- was 

 afterwards engaged in frontier duty until June 25, 

 1861, when he resigned to enter the Confederate ser- 

 vice. In the defence of Richmond in 1862 he com- 

 manded a brigade, and was severely wounded at 

 Gaines's Mill Rejoining the Army of Northern Vir- 

 ginia as major-general, he was conspicuous for courage, 

 skill, and zeal. At Gettysburg, July 3, 1863, he led 

 the famous final assault on the Union lines (see GET- 

 TVsBi'Rd). Gen. Pickett afterwards commanded in 

 North Carolina, where he captured Plymouth. At the 

 opening of the campaign in isr>5 his division was en- 

 gaged in protecting the Southside Railroad, near Rich- 

 mond, but was surrounded and overwhelmed at Five 

 Forks. April 1, 1865. Gen. Pickett died at Norfolk, 

 Va. July 30, 1875. 



PIERCE. GEORGE FOSTER (isn-isst), bishop of 

 the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, was born in 

 Greene co., Ga., Feb. 3, 1811, being the son of Rev. 

 Dr. Lovick Pierce (1785H879), a noted pulpit orator. 

 After studying law he joined the Georgia Conference 

 in 1831, and was engaged as an itinerant in Georgia 

 and South Carolina. He was prominent in the Gen- 

 eral Conference of JK44, when the Methodist Church 

 was divided on the slavery question. In 1848 he was 

 made president of Emory College, and was ever active 

 in promoting its financial interests. In is.'it \\<- was 

 chosen bishop, and found a wider field for his executive 

 abilitii- !!> was also noted as an orator, edited a 

 magazine, and published many sermon- His only 

 book was I,ici<ln</* f Wrttrr,.. -'.7V He died 



Sept 3. 1884. 



PXBRPONT, JOHN (1785-1866), clergyman and 

 poet, wan born at Litchfield, Conn., April 6, 1785. 

 being descended from Ke\ . James Pierpont, the second 



miiiMcr ill' Ni Haven ;md a founder of Yale College. 

 Here .lohn graduated in Ixol. anil then Went to South 

 Carolina as a tutor in the familv of Col William All- 

 stton. Pietiirnitig to the North M became a lawyer in 

 isli 1 , hut soon engaged in iin-un'e-sful mercantile en 

 Icipiisr- with John Ncal dy. r.)at lo>t,in and Haiti- 

 Ill 1819 he was ordained minister of Hollis 

 Street I'liiiariaii Churoli, whence he passed to Troy. 

 N V . in Is. 15. and thence to Meiltoid, Mas- . in 1846 

 He was an earnest anti-slavery and temperance orator, 

 and obtained public favor by hi.- poetic addresses. The 

 most noted of tli. - .I/,-* //',//,>/;, (1816). 



which set forth the associations of inu.-ic with natural 

 M-enery and national character. At tin' centennial 

 celebration of his native place In- gave K humorous 

 sketch ol' Yankee character. In lsi',1. true to the ami 

 slavery real of younger days, he accepted the chap 

 lainey of a Massachusetts regiment, but was soon 

 transferred to a clerkship in the I' S. Treasury, from 

 which he retired in 1S64. He dieil at Medford, Mass., 

 Aug. 27, IStiti. A collection of hi.- I'H-IH* appeared in 

 IvM. and he also published sonic school-books. 



PIEBREPONT, Ei'W.Mtus. lawyer, was born at 

 North Haven. ('iiTin.. March 4. IS17. (iraduating at 

 Yale College in 1837, he was admitted to the bar in 

 I Sid. and practised for some yea in at Columbus, Ohio, 

 hut removed to New York city in 1 X4t>. He was elected 

 judge of the superior court of New York in 1 857. but re- 

 signed in 1 still and resumed practice at the bar. In 1S62 

 he was appointed, with Maj.-(!en. John A. Dix, to try 

 the prisoners of state held on various charges jrrowing 

 out of the Rebellion. In 1807 he served in tlie New 

 York State Constitutional Convention, especially on the 

 Judiciary committee, lie also conducted for the U. S. 

 government the prosecution of John II. Surratt for 

 complicity in the assassination of Lincoln. In iMi'.i 

 Pres. Grant appointed him I'. S. attorney tor the 

 southern district of Now York, which office he resigned 

 in .May following. In JS7,"> he was called into Pres. 

 Grant's cabinet as attorncy-ireneral of the United 

 States, and in May. I.S76. was sent as minister to Eng- 

 land. He resigned this office in December, 1x77. He 

 published /'/.. m h'lj'th A <?./ .l/W.-< ( (1884). 



PHi. SeeSwiNK. 

 PIGKON. See Fowl. 



1'KIMKNTS. The mining and manufacture of 

 v i YFY pig ments in the United States have 



p8B(S gVAm. ff" of 8 ^y n>wth - ;l " (1 "JAoujsh 

 (;,.., , there iwas for many years a strong preju- 



dice in favor of imported pigments, tliis 

 has given way to a fair appreciation of the home 

 products, until now both the imported and domestic 

 are sold on their merits, and as nearly all of domestic 

 productions compare favorably with the imported!, the 

 former are consumed in yearly increasing quantities: 

 our imports show little variation from year to year on 

 most pigments, while a few show a decrease. In con- 

 sidering articles properly classed under the name "pig- 

 ments, only .such are treated as are manufactured or 

 produced in the United States in commercial 411:111 

 titles. 



l{ nitty. The heavy spar from which this article is 

 made is found in man\ sections of the country, but the 

 principal sources of supply an- Missouri, Virginia, 

 North Carolina, and Tennessee. As its principal use 

 is as a substitute or adulterant in the manufacture of 

 paints, both dealers and manufacturers withhold all 

 information as to the amount of production and use. 



al amount produced, however, may 1" 

 mated as approximating fi'Mnni tons annually. Its 

 principal use is in the adulteration of white 1 lead and in 

 the manufacture of mixed paints, and as a weighting 

 material for various purposes. Owing to its great 

 weight and its dazzling whiteness, it is regarded as the 

 ) -I adulterant of white lead, and on that account nob 

 liable to detection. It is also largely employed as a 

 weighting substance by paper-makers and others. 

 Barytes w also imported from Germany, England, and 



