POMEROY-POND. 



225 



educational training. The work of the manual train- 

 ing schools gives high satisfaction wherever instituted, 

 and the training of the hand and the mind together 

 promises to become in the future an essential feature 



soldiers at times committed outrages and the govern- 

 ment did not give them aid or protection. By a new 

 treaty in 1865 their reservation was extended, and 



promises to become in the tuture an essential feature promise was made of indemnity for their losses. Un- 

 of educational systems. It is now clearly perceived j der Pres. Grant's administration they were assigned 

 that the training of the hand does not detract from j to the care of the Protestant Episcopal Church. A 

 intellectual education, but rather brightens than dulls chapel was built and three schools established, and 

 the wits, while the instruction of girls in sewing, cook- 1 they seemed fora short time to prosper. Then a flood 

 ing, and the like, and of boys in the use of tools and j in the Missouri in 1873 caused great damage, their 

 in the general principles of the mechanical arts, cannot crops were destroyed by drought and locusts, and they 

 but be productive ot good results, in fitting the grow- "-" ~J..~~J *~ - J~-.I~~.KI,, i:*: T_ to-/; 

 ing generation to be practicaljy self-supporting mem- 

 bers of the community. The time required for manual 



training will detract but little from that requisite for 

 mental training, and will be particularly well applied in 

 the case of that large percentage of the school, popu- 

 lation who lack capacity for advanced intellectual 



were reduced to a deplorable condition. In 1876 

 efforts were made to remove them to Indian Territory. 

 Their chiefs who had gone to look at the new land re- 



turned dissatisfied. But the work of removal went on. 

 The tribe was conducted by troops, and suffered greatly 

 on the road. In a few months one-third of their num- 

 ber had died. In 1877 Standing Bear, a chief, with 



education. (See also DESIGN, SCHOOLS OF.) (c. M. ) j thirty others, returned to Kansas and sought refuge 



*-/-,- HTi/-v*r *, / y\i * put' .t/~\ 1 mi . J i > i 



POMEROY, a city of Ohio, county-seat of Meigs 

 co., is on the Ohio River, 60 miles below Parkersburg, 

 and is enclosed landward by precipitous hills. It has 

 2 national banks, 9 churches, a high-school, and a 

 weekly newspaper. Its chief industries are coal-mining 

 and salt manufacture. There are also iron-foundries, 

 flour-mills, and a woollen-factory. The city was incor- 

 porated in 1868 and the population in 1880 was 5560, 

 having decreased since 1870. 



POMEROY, JOHN NORTON (1828-1885), legal 

 writer, was born at Rochester, N. Y.. April 12, 1828. 

 He graduated at Hamilton College in 1847, was ad- 

 mitted to the bar at Rochester in 1851, and practised 



among the Omahas. They were seized and imprisoned 

 But this act caused great excitement in Omaha, and 

 T. II . Tibbies, editor of a newspaper, sought their re- 

 lease in the U. 8. Court by habeas corpus. Judge 

 Dundy gave a decision in favor of the Indians, allow- 

 ing them to go where they pleased. Roused by 

 this revelation of their rights under the law they soon 

 sought to obtain restoration of their original lands in 

 Dakota,, which had been given to the Sioux. An agi- 

 tation in their behalf sprang up throughout the coun- 

 try. In the meantime Standing Bear and others set- 

 tled on an island in the Niobrara River, and soon 130 

 Poncas were gathered around him. Assisted by friends 



there for some years. In 1864 he was made professor | in Omaha they set to work industriously in improving 

 of law in the University of New York, but in 1869 I the soil In 1887 they were reported as numbering 

 returned to the practice of his profession at Rochester. 

 He was also active as a contributor to legal and politi- 



cal periodicals. In 1878 he was made professor of law 

 in the University of California. He died at San Fran- 

 cisco, Feb. 15, 1885. He published an htroducticm In 

 ' f.nir (i8>/>) ; Introduction in Ctmttituiional 



210, and, receiving instruction from a missionary of the 

 American Missionary Association, about 40 



American Missionary Association, about 40 wear 

 citizens' dress. Over 400 Poncas remained in Indian 

 Territory and received aid from the government. 

 They have a reservation of 101,894 acres about 30 miles 

 south of the Kansas line. In 1887 their number was 



//" 0~868); Remedie* and Remedial Rights (!>"il) ; reported as 528, which was a decrease of 23 

 Jurisprudence (1883) ; and Riparian, Riyht* from that of the previous year. Through the influ- 



POMBfiOY, SKTH (1705-1777), soldier, was born 

 at Northampton, Mass., in 1705. He served in the 

 expedition against Lewisburg in 1745 with the rank of 

 major. In September, 1755, he succeeded to the com- 

 mand of a regiment in the battle of Lake George. He 



was a delegate to the provincial congress of Massa- caused it to be renewed, 

 chusetts in 1774 and was appointed by it a brigadier- PONCE DE LEON (1460-1521). the discoverer of 

 general in 1775. He ventured into the fight at Bunker i Florida, was born in Leon, Spain, about 1460. After 

 Hill as a volunteer^ and was conspicuous for his bi avery. displaying great bravery in the wars with the Moors of 



ence of their chiefs they stubbornly resist attempts to 

 civilize them, but have been prevailed upon to forego 

 the annual sun dance. About 100 wear citizens' dress 

 wholly or in part. The agency school had an average 

 attendance of 77. In 1884 the issue of rations to 

 them was discontinued, but in 1887 a failure of crops 



The Continental Congress had appointed him senior 

 brigadier, but finding his competency questioned he 

 retired from the camp without receiving the commis- 

 sion. In the autumn of 1776 he led a body of militia 

 to the aid of Washington on the Hudson. He died at 

 Peekskill, N. Y. , in the following February. 



PONCAS, a tribe of American Indians of the Da- 

 kota family, were found by Lewis and Clarke in 1803 

 dwelling on the Ponca River, west of the Missouri. 

 They had formerly dwelt on a branch of the Red River 

 of the North, but had been driven out by the Sioux, 

 who are of the same family. Their numbers were then 

 stated at 200, but this in evidently too small, for in a 



Granada, he was attracted by the discovery of the New 

 World, and in 1493 joined the second expedition of 

 Columbus. He was placed in command of the eastern 

 province of Hispaniola and thence conducted success- 

 ful expeditions against Porto Rico. He finally sub- 

 dued tnis island in 1509 and became its governor, but 

 the family of Columbus caused his removal from the 

 post. Having amassed great wealth he immediately 

 organized an expedition for the discovery of a "Foun- 

 tain of Youth." of which reports were current among 

 the natives. On March 3, 1513. he sailed from Porto 

 Hico with three ships and cruised among the Bahamas. 

 On March 27, being Easter Sunday, called by the Span- 



census made byjGen. Porter in 1829 they were set i iards Patciia Florida, he sighted land, which he named 



Florida. On account of baa weather he did not go on 

 shore until April 9, when, near the mouth of the River 

 St. John, he formally took possession in the name 

 of the King of Spain. He cruised southward along 



down at 600. " Their first treaty with the U. S. 



government was in 1817, and another was made in 



1825. No further notice was taken of them for thirty 



years. In 1858, after having been harassed by the 



Sioux and the whites, they sold most of their lands to 



the government, and were promised aid in cultivating 



a reservation on the Niobrara River. The buffalo, 



which had once been their chief food, was now driven , i^iu^icu n< um^i. >u> < IIIUUK..ILIUH, </ > noo >v.^u>o^<. 



to ;i distance, and they depended almost entirely on [ and wounded by the natives and withdrew to Cuba. 



agriculture. Being without arms they were not able where he soon died of the effects of his wound. 



POND, ENOCH (1791-1882), Congregationalist rain 

 ister, was born at Wrentham, Mass., July 29, 1791. 



the coast and among the Tortugas, and then returned 

 to Porto Rico. On reporting his discovery in Spain he 

 was made governor of Florida, and in 1521 he at- 

 tempted to effect its colonization, but he was repulsed 



to protect themselves against those who took advan- 

 tage of their feeble condition. They remained loyal 

 am |"-,i< '-;<ble throughout the civil war, though the 



He graduated at Brown University in 1813, and studied 



