PUBCELL-PUTNAM. 



improved varieties for making the favorite pumpkin 



pie ill' New Klu'land. 



tf the varieties the Canada or Vermont pumpkin 



.ot' tin- U-st lor animal food, nml of good quality 



t'ur tlio table, ll is of large size, oblate form with deep 



and a deep orange-yellow color. The flesh is 



much sweeter HM less stringy than tin- common puuip- 



kin. The cheese pumpkin is a remarkably vigoroii- 



and productive plant, the fruit lariri 1 , miicli flattened, | 



anil deeply ribU'd, its color a raddiu-onagB. The flesh 



is sweet and well flavored. There are several Other 



Sugar ruinpkin. 



varieties, the best of which for culinary purposes is the 

 sugar pumpkin. This is of small size, being 8 or 9 

 inches broad and 6 deep, but is an abundant hearer 

 and of excellent f|uality, being DBmrpMnd for nies 

 and superior to many squashes for table use. The 

 \\i-\i of the pumpkin contains miicli si-gar, and during 

 the Revolutionary war it was boiled and the water 

 rvapor.iteil to syrup by housewives, as .a substitute 

 fur sugar. In addition to the diuretic action of pump- 

 kin seeds, they are employed asananthelmiiilie for the 

 removal of tapeworm. (c. M.) 



I'llirKLL JOHN BAPTIST f 1800-1 883), Roman 

 Catholic uchbwhop, was born at lullow, Ireland, Feb. 

 26. 1800. He had received an academical education 

 before he removed to the United States. Here he 

 studied at Mount St. Mary's College, KmmiUiburg, 

 Md., supporting himself partly by gardening. Alter 



.-ical study at St. Snl|.ice In- was ordained priest 

 in the church of Noire I lame. Paris, May 121, I s-Jil. 

 Returning to Mount St. Mary's, he was appointed 

 professor of moral philosophy and pastor of 'its congre- 

 gation, and in lUli'J became president. On May 19, 

 1833, he was appointed l/ishop of Cincinnati, and was 

 consecrated in Baltimore cathedral October 1 ;;. lit 

 devoted himself with eueri/y to the building and 

 founding in all the growing cities of Ohio churches, 

 orphan asylums, ecclesiastical seminaries, convents, 

 and religious houses. In the city and .suburbs of Cin- 

 cinnati he founded 3d churches. He was also active 

 in debates rv.ii religious leaders, the most notd of 

 whom was Alexander Campbell (q.v.). In is.vi his 

 diligence was rewarded !>y his promotion to the dignity 

 of archbishop. Ho was loyal to the cause of the I nion 

 throughout the. civil war. He attended the Vatican 

 Councij in 1870, and though he deprecated the pro- 

 mulgation of the 1'apal infallibility, he cordially era- 



i the dogma. For a lew years longer his career 

 continued to be oneof success and prosperity in his work. 

 Hut a great change came when it was discovered 

 that the financial affairs of his sec had been grossly 

 and recklessly mismanaged Trusted implicitly by thou- 

 sands of Catholics, ho had used the sums deposited 

 with him in the Doildingl and sup|Hirt of ecclesias- 

 tical institutions, paying imerc.-t when asked, but mak- 

 ing no proper provision lor the return of the principal. 

 His brother, Ilcv. Edward Purcell, whom he had called 

 to assist him in his banking operations, had been 



equally careless. In tho financial distress which fol- 

 lowed the crisis of ls7i> the archbishop was unable to 

 meet the numerous demands of his creditors. In 

 l>ccenil(cr. l.sTs. lie made a public assignment of his 

 property for their benefit, endeavoring at tho same 

 time to retain for the church the use of many bnii 

 Much litigation ensued, and the civil courts in an 

 equitable spirit, examined the circumstances of the 

 grants to churches. The claims proved anioui. 

 $.">.Ci72.:j7l ; large sums were lost by the itrnor..' 

 (lie depositors. Kveii at'tcrthe bankruptcy : 

 also was found to have squandered part of (he funds in 

 speculation. Archbishop I'urcell had retired from 



public; view, and was suet' led by Archbishop Kldor, 



of Natchez. He died at St. Martins, Ohio, July 4, 



PUTNAM, FUEDBOCK WABD. naturalist and an- 

 thropologist, was Uirn at Salem, Mass.. April 111, 1839. 

 His early fondness for natural history led him to be- 

 come a student under Acassiz, who soon iraxv him 

 charge of the collection of li.-hes in Harvard M 



of Comparative Zoology. In isi.t he took c'n.i 

 the collections of the lOne* Institute, at Salem, to 

 which were afterwards added those of the KaM India 

 Marine Society. In Is7il he. became- director of (he 

 Peabody Museum of American ArchriMlo-jy and Klh- 

 nology. He had already edited vol. vii. of the /.' 

 of W'lirflir'x Siii-i-iy. which treats of these subjects. 

 SJnee 1873 he has been secretary of the American 

 Association for the Advancement of Science, and has 

 labored with great success (o increase the number of its 

 members and the value of its work. In ISM; he was 

 made professor of ethnology in Harvard I'niver.-iiv. 

 He was one of (he founders of the . I <.-' riant \> it initial 

 in lSd7, ami one of its editors till 1>7">. lie has also 

 taught in I'rof. Alexander Airassi/.'s summer school on 

 I'enikese Inland, State commissioner of Massachusetts 

 on inland fish, and in |Ss7 was chosen president of the 

 llo.-ton Society ol' Natural History, lie has published 

 more than '2(10 papers on American archooloo; and 

 anthropology. In 1SSS he conducted successfully a 

 movement lor the purchase and preservation of tho 

 (ireat Serpent Mound in Ohio as a public park. 



IMTNAM. ISUAKI, (I71S-17'.H). general, was born 

 in that part of Salem now called Hanvers, Mass., Jan. 

 7, 1718. His parents had twelve children, of whom 

 he was the eleventh. With little education but of 

 sturdy frame he in 1739 became a farmer at I'oin- 

 fret. Conn. Already noted for courage-, he en! : 



his reputation by venturing into a she-wolf's den nnd 

 killing the bca.-t. In IT.'i'i he was made a lieutenant of 

 r.ui-ers and served in the expedition against Crown 

 Point. In I7.'i7 his coolness and courage prevented tho 

 explosion of the powder-magazine during afire at Fort 

 Kdward. Romantic adventures wilh Indians marked 

 his career. In 1758 they captured and bound him to 

 a tree, and a lire was kindled around, when Marin, a 

 French officer, intervened and saved him. Taken to 

 Montreal, he received aid from Col. IVtcr Sehuyler. a 

 fellow-cantivc, and was finally excliaiiL'ed. In 17(illhe 

 commanded a retriment in the expedition which cap- 

 tured Havana. I le afterwards kept a tavern at RroOK- 

 lyn, Conn., served some years in the Legislature, and in 

 177.'! went _to explore a tract of land on the Southern 



-ippi supposed to have been granted by Parlia- 

 ment to tho provincial officers. He was an ardent 

 patriot, and in April, 177."), on learning of the fight at 

 Lexington, he summoned the militia of his neighbor- 

 hood and rode in one day GS miles to Boston. Tho 



.me of Connecticut made him a brigadier-gen- 

 eral, and with a regiment re.-ruitcd by himself Ini 

 joined the American army at Cambridge. This place 

 fie was resolute in holding, and when others advised 

 falling back he urired an advance. After Col. I' 

 had made intrcnchnicnts on Breed's Hill. <!en. Put- 

 nam sought to do the same at I'.uuker's Hill, and at 



-e of the battle, June 17, rallied some fugitives 



k possession of Prospect Hill. Four major-gen- 



