RALE-RANDOLPH. 



Sll 



RALE, SEBASTIAN (1657-1724), Jesuit- missionary, 

 was born in Franche-Comte', and entered the Jesuit 

 order at an early age. After holding a professorship 

 at X iiucs he was sent to Canada in 1689, and stationed 

 first among the Abenakis. In 1692 he set out for Ill- 

 inois, but spent the winter at Mackinac on the way. 

 In 1694 he returned to the Abenakis and henceforth 

 had his residence at Norridgewock, on the Kennebec. 

 When the Indians resumed hostilities against the New 

 England settlers, the latter blamed Kale for inciting 

 them and set a price on his head. In 1705 they at- 

 tacked Norridgewock and burnt the church; in 1722 

 they plundered the village, and in 1724 they again 

 attacked it, and killed Kale at the foot of the cross. 

 The Dictinnnry of the Abenaki Languar/f, which he 

 had compiled, was preserved in Harvard College and 

 published by Dr. John Pickering in 1833. In the 

 same year a monument to Kale's memory was erected 

 at Norridgewock. 



RALEIGH, the capital of North Carolina, and 

 county-seat of Wake co., is on the Neuse River, in 35 

 47' N. lat. and 78 48' W. long., and 133 miles N. N. 

 W. of Wilmington. It has now three railroads. At 

 its centre is Union square, containing the handsome 

 granite State-house, which cost over $500,000. From 

 the square radiate the four principal streets, each 99 

 feet wide. The other State buildings are institutions 

 for the deaf and dumb, the blind and the insane, the 

 penitentiary, a geological museum, and the governor's 

 residence ; there are also a U. S. government building, 

 ft county court-house, a normal school and other schools. 

 Raleigh has iron-foundries, car-shops, machine-shops, 

 and manufactories of agricultural implements, carriages, 

 and clothing. It was settled in 1792, and in 1880 had 

 9265 inhabitants. 



RALSTON, WILLIAM RALSTON SIIEDDEN. an Eng- 

 lish writer and lecturer on Russian subjects, was born in 

 1828, and was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, 

 graduating in 1850. In 1853 he was appointed assist- 

 ant librarian in the British Museum, and continued 

 there until 1875. His publications include Kriloff and 

 Hi* Fables (1869); Snng of the Russian 'People 

 (1872) ; Rnuian folk Tola (1873) ; Early History of 

 Rnssi'1 (1874). 



RAM BAUD, ALFRED NICOLAS, a French historian, 

 was born at Besancon, July 2, 1842. He was educated 

 at the Upper Normal School, graduating in 1864, and 

 receiving the degree of doctor of letters in 1870. He 

 had spent some time in Russia in literary pursuits. 

 In 1871 he was made professor of history at Caen, in 

 1875 at Nancy, and in 1879 was called by Jules Ferry, 

 then minister of public instruction, to be his secretary. 

 In 1882 Ram baud became professor of history at Paris. 

 His principal works are La Domination fran^aixe en 

 ABemaffne, 1793-1804(1873); L' AHemaane ton* AV 

 potton /., 1804-11 (1874); La Russie ejn'que (1876), 

 a study of the songs of Russia ; and Histoire de la 

 Rutsie (1878). The hist two, written in a popu- 

 lar style, are excellent presentations of Russian 

 thought and history, and nave been translated into 

 English. 



RAMSAY, Sm ANDREW CROMBTE, Scotch geolo- 

 gist, was born in 1814, and educated at Glasgow Uni- 

 versity. He was appointed on the Geological Survey 

 of Great Britain in 1841, and was made Director of it 

 in 1845. He was appointed professor of geology at 

 University College in 1848, and lecturer on geology in 

 the Royal School of Mines in 1851. He became a 

 member of the Royal Society in 1849, and received 

 various marks of honor from universities and learned 

 societies, American as well as European. In 1872 ho 

 was made director-general of the Geological Survey of 

 the United Kingdom. He was president of the Brit- 

 ish Association in 18SO. In the next year when he 

 retired from his public offices the value of his services 

 was acknowledged by grant ing him the honor of knight- 

 hood. Among hii< publication* have lieen Genlofiy of 

 Arran ; Geology <if North ilW<* (1S5S); Old ' 



of Forth Wale* and Smtzerland (1860); Fliysical 

 Genloff)/ and Geography of Great Britain (1878). 



RAMSAY, EDWARD BANNERMAN (1793-1872), a 

 Scotch clergyman, commonly known as Dean Ramsay, 

 was born at Balma, in Kincardineshire, Jan. 31, 1793. 

 He graduated at St. John's College, Cambridge, and 

 was ordained in the Church of England. After hold- 

 ing a curacy in Somersetshire for some years, he be- 

 came minister of St. John's Church, Edinburgh, and 

 in 1841 was made dean. Already noted in the Scottish 

 capital for his genial conversation and benevolent char- 

 acter, he gained in his old age wider appreciation by 

 his Reminiscences of Scottish Life and Character (2 

 series, 1857-61). He also published Diversities of 

 Christian Character (1858); The Christian Life 

 (1859); Pulpit Table- Talk (1868); and a Memoir of 

 Dr. Thomas Chalmers (1867). 



RAMIE. See FIBRE. 



RANDALL, SAMUEL JACKSON, Democratic leader, 

 was born at Philadelphia, Oct. 10, 1828. He received 

 an academic education and engaged in business in his 

 native city. For four years he was a member of the 

 city councils, and in 1858 was elected to the Pennsyl- 

 vania State Senate. In 1862 he was elected to Con- 

 gress as a Democrat, and he has served continuously 

 since that time, being sometimes elected without op- 

 position. AV hen in 1875 the Democratic party for 

 the first time after the civil war obtained a majority in 

 the House of Representatives, Michael C. Kerr was 

 chosen speaker, and on his death in 1876 Mr. Randall 

 became his successor. As such he used his influence 

 in guiding the House through the dangerous crisis pro- 

 duced by the uncertainty of the Presidential election 

 in that year. He favored the formation of an electoral 

 commission to decide the points in dispute, and was 

 successful in having its judgment accepted by the 

 House. His ability as Speaker gave him prominence 

 also as a candidate for the Democratic nomination to 

 the Presidency in more than one National Convention. 

 He continued to be Speaker until 1881, when the 

 House passed again under the control of the Republi- 

 cans. Financial questions have always received his 

 especial attention. In 1883 the Democrats were again 

 in power, but they chose Mr. John G. Carlisle speaker. 

 The change of leaders indicated the progress of the 

 party in the direction of tariff reduction. Mr. Randall 

 has always advocated a tariff for revenue with inci- 

 dental protection. Mr. Carlisle represents the tendency 

 towards a tariff for revenue only. Mr. Randall's abil- 

 ity as a leade r was still acknowledged so far that he was 

 made chairman of the important committee on appro- 

 priations. In the closing hours of the 48th Congress, 

 on March 4, 1885, his force of character and parlia- 

 mentary skill enabled him to secure the placing of 

 Gen. U. S. Grant's name on the retired list of the 

 army. In the summer of 1888 he performed a sim- 

 ilar act in having the rank of general restored in 

 order that the dying soldier, P. H. Sheridan, might 

 be promoted to it. After Pros. Cleveland's elec- 

 tion, towards which Mr. Randall had contributed, he 

 seemed to have the favor of the administration. When 

 the increasing surplus in the U. S. treasury demanded 

 legislative action he prepared a bill for moderate re- 

 duction in the tariff, and the removal to a great extent 

 of the internal revenue system. Mr. Cleveland, how- 

 ever, steadily urged his party toward the single object 

 of tariff reduction, and Mr. Randall became isolated. 

 The number of Protection Democrats in the House 

 was reduced to a handful, and Mr. Randall was silenced 

 in the party councils. Worn out with labor, he was 

 attack ea with sudden illness in August, 1888, and com- 

 pelled to retire to recruit his strength. Yet such was 

 his hold on his own district that amid the heat of a 

 Presidential campaign there was no opposition from 

 cither party to his re-election. (J. P. L.) 



RANDOLPH. Of (he Virginians of this name the 

 most f.-mious, John Randolph of Koanoke (1773- 

 !,;;;), is sketched in the ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA. 



