372 



REYNOLDS-RHODE ISLAND. 



In his thirtieth year, however, he removed to Paris Reynolds to command the militia called out lord.' 

 and began to contribute to the liberal journals. His of that State. He was soon after promoted mujnr- 

 ric pen attacked the reign of the bourgeois under general of volunteers, and the First corps of the Army 

 1/mis Philippe. He was also dirc<-tor of the nublica- of the Potomac was assigned to his command. He 

 tioii of the fjittoire iScirnti/ique rt Militnirf ae T Ex- fought at Frederieksburg, Dec. 13, lsr,2. but at Chan- 

 pttUtion Franyaue en llfyypte (10 vols. besides atlas, ccllorsvilje his corps was held in res. rv ( . though he 



.'iti). a work which Napoleon I. had caused to be 

 prepared at enormous expense. Revbaud also edited 

 the travels of Duniont d'Urville and d'Orbigny. In 

 another direction he achieved succe.ss by his K 



nnatfiir* ou Socialist .\l< nitrites ('2 vol> . 1-ln- 



>. hieh obtained from the French Academy ihc 



Montyon prize. It discussed freejy but fairly the 



socialistic schemesofSt Simon, Fourier, Robert Owen. 



ami Cabet ; but in later years the author expressed 



that he had not severely denounced those 



yers of every social principle." In 1850, in con- 

 .-i-qiieiice of this able work. Reybaud was elected to the 

 Academy of Moral and Political Science. ^Another 

 work in a lighter vein long retained its popularity. This 

 was Jtrdme Ptiturot dla Recherche awie Position 

 Xixxale (1843), in which the manners of French society 

 .-re held up to ridicule. A later volume of the same 

 kind and partly the same name, but having reference 

 to the Republic of 1848, did not meet the same suc- 

 cess. Still Reybaud continued to work this vein for 

 ten or twelve years. Reybaud had been a Liberal, but 

 the revolution of 1848 made him a Conservative. In 

 IMr, he had been elected to the Chamber of Deputies 

 as the representative of MarseilKs He supported 

 Louis Napoleon as president but refused to join in the 

 coup (T Mat of 1851. In later years he contributed to 

 various reviews and encyclopaedias on industrial, econ- 

 omic, commercial, and marine topics. Among his 

 works were L' Indiutrie en Europe (1856); A0MO- 

 mitte* AfiMknies (1862) j Maeurs el Portraits du Temps 

 (lst'i4). Pres. Thiers in 1872 again called him into 

 public service for a brief period. Reybaud died Oct. 

 28, 187'.'. 



UKYNOLDS, JOHN (1789-1865), governor of 

 Illinois, was born in Montgomery co., Pa., Feb. 26, 

 1789, of Irish parents, who during his childhood re- 

 moved to Kaskaskia, III In 1 8 1 2 lie joined a company 

 of scout.s in the campaigns against the Indians. Set- 

 tling at Cahokia, 111., he became a lawyer, and in 1818 

 was made a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State. 

 then just admitted to the Union. He was elected to 

 the \* -Nature in 1826 and served till 1830. During 

 the Black Hawk war, in 1832, he had command of a 

 volunteer company. He afterwards edited a daily 



at Belleville, served again in the LegUaton 

 1S46-48. and was speaker of the house 1852-.YI. He 

 died at Belleville, Alav 8, 1865. He was a Democrat 



;ig opinions and strict integrity. He published 

 aJ't'oii--,- //' ' ... -i/ nf Illinois (184s), and a bulky volume 

 called M<i Li/,' and Time* (1855). This work, badly 

 printed, had but little sale, and nearly every copy was 

 destroyed in the great fire at Chicago in 1871. but its 

 importance as a record of facts lieing recognized by the 

 Chicago Historical Society, an improved edition was 

 issued in I 



KKVMH.DS. JOHN FUI.TON (1820-1863), general, 

 was bom at Lincaster, Pa. , .- '^2<i. lie gradu- 



ated at V A -( I'liintin 1841 ami entered the artillery. 

 At the outbreak of the Mexican war he joined <!en. 

 Taylor's army, and was distinguished at M"onterey and 



Hiicna Vista, winning the brevets of captain and 

 major. He afterwards served on the frontier until 

 1860, when he was appointed commandant of cadets 

 at West I'oint. In May, ISC, I. he was made lieutennnt- 

 colonel of infantry, and in \iiL-nst brigadier general 

 of volunteers. He took command of a brigade of the 

 Pennsylvania reserve corps, and led them in McClel- 

 lan's Peninsular campaign in I8r,i> until he was taken 

 r at (ilendale, June 30. He was exchanged in 

 August, and commanded a division in (!cii. l'..pi-'s 

 campaign in Northern Virginia When J/ee invaded 



requested to be sent to the front. When I^ee invaded 

 Pennsylvania in 1863, Reynolds, with the left wing of 

 Meade's army, was hastening to overtake him. F.n- 

 countering the van of the Confederate army at i . 



on July 1, he had already selected the ground tor 

 , when at I lie opening of the fight 

 lie was killed by a rifle-shot, while cheerini: on hi 

 He was beloved by his soldiers and diatittgnuhed for 

 ability as a general. A monument to his memory, 

 d by J. Q. A. W r ard, is erected at Gettysburg ; 

 a bronze equestrian statue of him by Rogers stands in 

 Philadelphia in front of the city hall. 



1UIKTT, ROBERT BAUNWEIX (1800-1876), a noted 

 secessionist, was born at Beaufort. S. ( '. . 1 > u I, 1800. 

 He was the son of James Smith, but in 18157 assumed 

 the name Rhett from an ancestor. He was liberally 

 educated and became a lawyer. In 1826 he was i 

 to the State Legislature, and in 1832 was made attorney- 

 general. Throughout the nullification movement he 

 was an advocate of the extreme view of States' rights. 

 In 1838 he was elected to Congress and there main- 

 tained the same extreme position on every question 

 affecting the South. After twelve years in tha lower 

 house he was sent to the Senate in 1850, where he 

 openly advised a dissolution of the Union. When 

 these views were disapproved by the people, he re- 

 signed from the Senate, but continued to urge the 

 political doctrines of Calhoun in the Charleston Afer- 

 cun/, of which he was proprietor. In 1860 he took a 

 prominent part in the State convention which passed 

 the ordinance of secession. _At the convention in 

 Montgomery, Ala., he was chairman of the committee 

 which reported the Constitution of the Confederate 

 He was also a member of the Confederate 

 Congress, and at the close of the war retired from 

 public life. He died in St James Parish, La., 

 Sept 14, 1876. 



RHODE ISLAND. The smallest of the United 

 States, it is also the most densely popu- 



Ani J ~Wi?\ textile fabrics it exceeds every other. 



.VIII. J it p. J. l - l l 1 *1 1 



In inhabitant! to the square mile only 

 four countries of the world, viz., Belgium, British 

 India, the Netherlands, and Great Britain, including 

 Ireland, exceed it 



Population. In the last census, taken in 1885, the 

 population of the State was 

 301.2S4, an increase from 

 >f 27,888. The in- 

 crease since 1885, judging 

 by the licst information that 

 can be obtained, has been at 

 a more rapid ratio. There 

 has been a marked increase 

 in the immigration of French 

 Canadians, Swedes, and Ital- 

 ians 



/.'Jiiratinti ami Illiteracy. 



In 1 887 the Legislature of the State enacted a law 

 requiring, under a penalty not to exceed twenty dollars, 

 that every person having under his control a child be- 

 in < en t he age of 7 and 15 shall annually cause such child 

 to attend for at least 12 weeks, 6 at least of which shall 

 be consecutive, some public day-school in the town or 

 city where such child resides. To make this law effec- 

 tive, the same statute requires each town or citvto ap- 

 point a special constable or truant officer who shall see 

 that the law is complied with; it also requires each 

 town and city to provide a suitable place for the con- 

 finement, discipline, and instruction of truants. The 

 same statute forbids the employment of any child under 



v I TY 



Maryland, Uov. Curtin, of I'cmisylv.nna. selected (icn. 1 years of age " in any manufacturing, mechanical, or 



