:W4 



R1GGS-RIOTS. 



ruary, 1875, he was sentenced to banishment fur five 

 years, and rorfeHnre of political right* Herein 

 Montana. but in July. I>M. returned tn his 1'uruitT 

 haunts ami fomented rebellion. In March, 1885. he 

 again attempted to form a government ami attacked 

 employes of the l>.>ininion. The rebellion 

 pressed by Gen. Middleton and Kiel was curried to 

 Kegina for trial He was convict. 1 of treason and ex- 

 ecuted Nov. 16, 1885. There is sirens; proof that he 

 was insane, and tin- French Canadians who sympathized 

 with his actions strongly denounced the government 

 harsh measures towards him. 



KI(!<;S. Hi. IAS missionary, was born at New Prov- 

 idence, N. J., Nov. 19, 1810. He graduated at 

 Amherst College, Mass., in 1829, and at Amlover 

 Seminary in 1832. While here he prepared some 

 Chaldee text-books. He was then sent by the Amer- 

 ican Board of Missions to Greece, and in 1838 trans- 

 ferred his work to Smvrna. In 1853 he removed to 

 :itinople. where lie has since remained, except 

 when vi.-iting the United States in the interest of his 

 work. In 1857 he came to New York to have his 

 translation of the Bible into the modern Armenian 

 language stereotyped, and during his stay taught He- 

 brew in the Union Theological Seminary- He translated 

 the Bible also into the Bulgarian language and pre- 

 pared a liilile Dictionary and Harmony of the QontiU 

 in that language. The translation of the Bible into 

 modern Turkish, having been thoroughly revised by a 

 committee of which he was a member, was issued in 

 1886. Dr. Riggs has also prepared grammatical works 

 on the Armenian, Turkish, and Bulgarian languages. 

 and published tracts and hymns in those tongues. He 

 also published suggestions of emendations for the 

 English Old Testament (1873) and modifications of the 

 revised vcr.-ion of the New Testament (1883). 



Rli JGS. STKPHEN RETURN (1812-1883), missionary, 

 was born at Steulx-nville, Ohio. March 23, 181L'. lie 

 graduated at Jefferson College, Pa., in Is;U. and hav- 

 ing entered the Presbyterian ministry was sent by the 

 American Board to a mission near Fort Snelling in 

 1837. His service was among the Dakntas, for whom 

 he prepared various books, as well as a Duknta 1 urn/Hi- 

 lary (I,v"i2j and Grammar and Dictiitmini of the Da- 

 kota I, (ls.">2). During the Sioux war of 

 1 "''! Dr. lliggs and his family were obliged to flee. 

 He then became chaplain of the expedition that 

 marched against the hostile Indians. His later years 

 were spent in field-work during the summer and in 

 translating the Bible into Dakota during the winter. 

 This translation was published in 1879. Dr. Riggs 

 died at Beloit, Wis., Aug. 24, 1883. Besides his 

 works in the Indian tongue, he published Tnhkno 

 i. or the Gotpd aiming the Dakota* (1869) and 

 Party Venn amnn;i tin' Si'mix (1880). Altogether he 

 published about fifty books relating to the language 

 and tin- people to whom his life was devoted. 



KILEY, CHARLES VAI.KNTINE. entomologist, was 

 born in London, England, Sept. is, 1>43. He was 

 educated in France and Germany and in 1 860 removed 

 to the United States. Settling in Illinois he became 

 practically acquainted with farm-life and edited an 

 agricultural journal. In May, 1864, he entered the 

 army and served till the close of the war. He then 

 returned to his editorial work ami in i 1868 was made 

 State entomologist of Missouri. His later work is 

 sketched under AnKiori.TVRE. chap, ix., at end. He 

 has contributed several articles to this work. 



RINEIIAUT. WIU.TAM HENRY (1825-1874), sculp- 

 tor, was born near Frederick, Md .. Sept 2.". !>_'.'.. 

 His early life was spent on a farm, but in 1846 he 

 went to Baltimore, where he became a stonecutter. 

 Soon his taste for high art was developed and he 

 modelling in clay. In 1855 he went to Italy 

 and in 1858 he settled at Rome, though he made oc- 

 casional visits to Baltimore. He completed the 

 modelling of the bronze doors of the U. S. Capitol at 

 Washington, left unfinished by Crawford. Among 



his ideal works were The AIIL-C! of the Resurrection, 

 The Woman of Samaria. Ix/auder. Hero. St. Cecilia, 

 Latona and her Children. Atalanta. and above, all, 

 Clyde, which he considered his masterpiece. It now 

 MMOgi i" the 1'ealxidy Infinite of Baltimore, and in 

 that city many others of his works have found 

 owner-, lie-ides numerous portrait busts, he ex. 

 for the State of Maryland the heroic statue of ('hid' 

 .lu>tice Taney at Annapolis. Rinehart was cut oil 

 prematurely at Koine. Oct. 2S. IsT-l. He ln-qucalhcd 

 $45,000 for a lectureship in Baltimore on sculpture 

 and a fund for needy art student*. 



KlO'l'S. The L-cneral nrinciplesof the law in regard 



to riots an- the same in the I'nited States as in Eng- 



, land. The different degrees of criin- 



nfLAi K-U !" a ''' v on the part of those participating 

 Am Hep) in a ot aro <lt ' n ' IK '' 1 '" substantially the- 



same manner, hut the penalties ;u. 

 orally milder than those imposed by the English stat- 

 utes. The course to be pursued by the authorities in 

 suppressing a riot is essentially the s ime as in England. 

 The "riot act,' which it is the duty of the sheriff, 

 mayor, or other officer to read or attempt to read before 

 proceeding to extreme measures, is almost identical in 

 words ana quite identical in substance with the Eng- 

 lish statute. The circumstances which justify and 

 require the summoning of the military to the aid of the 

 civil authorities are in substance the same, and the 

 duties imposed upon them and their responsibilities 

 are the same. 



In law as well as in popular language and thought 

 the chief characteristic of a riot is the sense of insecu- 

 rity, the terror ami distress which it causes among 

 peaceable and quiet citizens. It is a breach of the 

 peace on a great scale, aiming at the injury of individ- 

 uals and the destruction of property in a tumultuous, 

 disorderly, violent, and unlawful manner. The ulti- 

 mate cause of a riot may sometimes be found in the ex- 

 istence of evils which afford just ground of complaint 

 on the part of large classes of persons. But it almost 

 invariably happens that an attempt to remedy such 

 eviK, by means of a riot, only ends in their aggrava- 

 tion. A large majority, however, of riots originate in 

 prejudice, superstition, or ignorance, and are unmixed 

 evils. 



Many riots have become historical from their mag- 

 nitude and from destruction of property and the blood- 

 shed by which they were accompanied. We can here 

 notice only a few, which may serve as characteristic 

 specimens of such occurrences. 



A minute and accurate knowledge of the anatomy 

 of the human body is the indispensable foundation of 

 nee of medicine. Such knowledge can only be 

 acquired by the dissection of the body. But, even in 

 the most civilized countries, large classes of the ixsople, 

 especially the more ignorant, have always regarded this 

 t real incut of the human body with aversion and horror, 

 considering it as a kind of sacrilege. Hence the medi- 

 cal profession and especially medical students hve in 

 all countries been exposed to outbursts of popular fury. 

 One of the most noteworthy of these outbursts occurred 

 in the city of New York in 1788, and is known as the 

 " Doctors' riot" In 1785 Dr. Richard Bailey obtained 

 permission to use some rooms in City Hospital ii.r 

 delivering anatomical lectures to medical students and 

 for use in making dissections and preserving anatomi- 

 cal preparations. Gradually there sprang up among 

 the working classes a general belief that the medical 

 students were stealing bodies from the cemeteries. On 

 Sunday. April 13. 17S8, some boys playing about the 

 hospital found a ladder which afforded access to an 

 upper window, and one, looking in, saw a student en- 

 paged in dissecting a body. He told his fattier, who 

 spread the story among his fellow-workmen, and a 

 crowd armed with their tools and other weapons gath- 

 ered. The whole citv was soon in an uproar ; the hos- 

 pital was surrounded and the doors broken in. The 

 collection of anatomical specimens was destroyed. The 



